1Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, 2Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 3Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 4Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, 5Depart...

This article presents a review of the history of the dental-operating microscope and how it experienced slow acceptance. Following its introduction in 1982, it wasn't until 1997 that microscopy training became manditory for Advanced Specialty Education Programs in Endodontics. Undoubtedly, microscopic enhanced endodontics ultimately reshaped clinical practice and created a potential for a highe...

Associate Professor, Dept. of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Assistant Professor, Dept. of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Undergraduate student, Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran...

DDS, MS, Alireza Rekabi 2 DDS, Hasan Shahabi 2 DDS, Rezvan Ashuri 2 DDS, , MPH, Maryam Rad 4 DDS, MS, and Jahangir Haghani 5 DDS, MS Endodontics, Dental School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman Oral and Dental , Kerman, Iran. f Endodontics, Dental School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. and Biostatistics, Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical...

a Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; b Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; d Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science...

The incorporation of the microscope in clinical endodontics has had profound effects on the way endodontics is done and has changed the field fundamentally. This article outlines the key prerequisites for the use of the microscope in nonsurgical endodontic procedures, discusses which procedures benefit from using the microscope, and addresses the issue of cost versus patient benefit.

1DDS, MSc, PhD Graduate student in Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School – UNESPSão Paulo State University. 2DDS, Associate Professor of Endodontics, Dental School – UNESPSão Paulo State University and post graduation course in EndodonticsUNIMAR-Marília, SP. 3DDS, Associate Professor of Endodontics, Dental School – UNESPSão Paulo State University. 4DDS, Endodontist in private practice, Brasília, B...

*University of Florida, College of Dentistry, and North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System. yDepartment of Dental Ecology and Department of Epidemiology, zCenter for Neurosensory Disorders, xDepartment of Endodontics, and **Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. {Carolina Center for Genome Sciences at Chapel Hill, Chapel H...

The practice of assessing must ensure that the outcome of the process be a reflection of the learning achieved by students. The aim of this study was to describe the essential attributes of the praxis teacher in the area of Endodontics Learning Evaluation, in the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Concepción, Chile. This study is designed to diagnose the reliability and objectivity of as...