BACKGROUND Subcutaneous emphysema and gas extravasation outside of the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopy has consequences. Knowledge of the circumstances that increase the potential for subcutaneous emphysema is necessary for safe laparoscopy. METHODS A literature review and a PubMed search are the basis for this review. CONCLUSIONS The known risk factors leading to subcutaneous emphysem...

geographic tongue is a benign disorder involving the dorsal surface of the tongue characterized by depapillated areas with leading and folded edges in yellowish or grayish white color and sometimes with unclear borders. many studies have reported a relationship between such condition and different risk factors. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate and the risk factors of geograph...

PURPOSE To assess clinical factors, histopathologic diagnoses, operative time and differences in complication rates between women undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy to diagnose and treat an adnexal mass and their association with laparoscopy failure. METHODS In this prospective study, 210 women were invited to participate and 133 of them were included. Eighty-eight women underwent laparotom...

background: improving the knowledge of healthcare providers towards different aspects of breast cancer leads to appropriate management and screening of disease. this study aimed to investigate the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors among a cohort of nurses in iran. materials and methods: the target group of the present study was 243 consecutive nurses (27 males and 216 females) at two refe...

background crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease caused by arbovirus which can be transmitted to human by several routes. tick bite and living in a rural area have been the most common factors for inception of cchf in adults and children in studies reported from iran. objectives this study was conducted to detect the disease acquisition routes among children with confir...

superficial mycosis of the skin is one of the most prevalent human infections. within these infections, tinea pedis and tinea cruris have been studied. different aetiologic causes play role in these infections which the most important of them are trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophyte and epidermophyton floccosum. prevalence arrangement of these causes are defferent in societies. this ...

background: the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (ce) in qom province, central iran using elisa test. methods: overall, 1564 serum samples (800 males and 764 females) were collected from selected subjects by randomized cluster sampling in 2011-2012. sera were analyzed by elisa test using agb. before sampling, a questionnaire was filled out for eac...

purpose: this study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with threshold retinopathy of prematurity (rop) in premature infants referred to farabi eye hospital during 2008-2009. since blindness and sever visual impairments will occur in a high percentage of infants stricken with threshold retinopathy, we intended to examine relationship between demographic factors and threshold retinopathy i...

purpose : to describe the survival characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with retinoblastoma in a referral center in iran methods : from medical records, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 139 consecutive children diagnosed in our hospital between 1991 and 2001 as having retinoblastoma. information on gender, laterality, age at diagnosis, presenting signs, tumor staging, treat...