Background: A prerequisite for successful embryo implantation is adequate preparation of receptive endometrium and the establishment and maintenance of a viable embryo. The success of implantation further relies upon a two-way dialogue between the embryo and uterus. However, molecular bases of these preimplantation and implantation processes in humans are not well known. Materials and Methods: ...

The aim of this study was to explore the expression of PI3K, AKT, and P-AKT, and to investigate the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in thin endometrium. We included 40 women treated in affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University for endometrial conditions between August 2013 and January 2015, 20 with a normal endometrium, and 20 with thin endometrium. The ex...

In a total of 41 endometrial tissue samples, the relationship between telomerase activity and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labelling index was studied. In samples of endometrium from the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, telomerase activity was found in 15 out of 17 cases (88%). Two samples from the early proliferative phase showed negative telomerase activity and a low P...

This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of a true collision primary tumor of the endometrium. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium is itself a rare tumor. In this case we present a collision tumor of neuroendocrine carcinoma with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. The unique morphologic and immunophenotypic features of these tumors in this case are discussed, just...

OBJECTIVE To determine the sensitivity of MR imaging utilizing diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in detection of endometrial cancer and to compare the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values of malignant and normal endometrium. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Radiology Department, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, from January 2007 to Decemb...

Background: Endometriosis, a gyncological disorder,benign and common cause of infertility, is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at ectopic locations outside the uterine cavity. Clinical observations have led to the assessment that endometriosis is an invasive disease. Abnormal expression of adhesion molecules such as cadherins is likely to be an important determinant of l...

BACKGROUND Endometrium is a unique tissue that is prepared for implantation of blastocyst during each menstrual cycle. In humans, if implantation does not occur or fails, endometrium is shed. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified ebaf/lefty, as a key cytokine, highly expressed in human endometrium during the non-receptive phase of tissue remodelling. Lefty was increased in the endometria of a num...

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological disorders, but its aetiology and pathogenesis remain obscure. The refluxed menstrual debris in women with endometriosis may be more prone to implantation, invasion and growth in the peritoneum or ovary through the actions of extracellular proteolysis and angiogenesis. It has been hypothesized that the endometrium from women with endometrios...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surgical intervention on the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and L-selectin ligand in the endometrium of patients with hydrosalpinx during the implantation window. A total of 60 patients with hydrosalpinx and 30 patients with tubal obstruction were recruited, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of ...

BACKGROUND Various endometrial abnormalities have been associated with luteal phase deficiency: a significant dyssynchrony in the maturation of the glandular epithelium and the stroma and a prevalence of out-of-phase endometrial biopsy specimens. Out-of phase endometrium is a controversial disorder related to failed implantation, infertility and early pregnancy loss. Given that the regulation o...