Background and Purpose Organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin (NTG) or pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina ischaemic heart disease. These compounds are prodrugs which release their nitrovasodilators upon enzymic bioactivation by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) cytochromes P450 (CYP). Whereas ALDH2 is known to directly activate organic ...

objective: endothelium is a selective and permeable membrane for transferring nutrients and vital components to arterial wall. endothelial damage might lead to altered biological function of endothelium and clinical consequences such as atherosclerosis. blood pressure pulse always exerts circumferential tension to the arterial wall. hence, such tension together with other loads, play important ...

although the etiology of varicose veins remains unknown, recent studies have focused on endothelial cell integrity and function because the endothelium regulates vessel tone and synthesizes many pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. the aim of this study was to investigate the evidence involving the endothelium in the development of varicose vein disease. in addition, tissue remodeling was invest...

the internal mammary artery (ima) is currently the preferred conduit for myocardial revascularization. however, pre-operative vasospasm and a hypoperfusion state during maximal exercise may limit its use as a bypass graft. the mechanism of spasm has not been clearly defined. since β-adrenoceptor activation plays a major role in vasorelaxation, the present study was carried out to investigate th...