In this paper, a cluster-based virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication scheme is proposed for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. We investigate virtual MIMO for fixed and variable rates. We propose energy efficient routing space-time block coding (STBC) based virtual MIMO technique is incorporated into low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH). In addition, ...

The main problem concerning laptops and handheld devices is the limited battery power, their batteries lifetime have a significant impact on the performance of ad hoc networks since nodes in ad hoc networks need to relay their packets through other nodes. In this paper, fuzzy controllers take number of hops, packet queue occupancy, and remaining energy along the paths into account while picking...

Developing real-time routing protocols under energy constraint is one of the key points for providing end-to-end delay guarantee in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we give, at first, an overview of the existing real-time routing protocols and point out some potential approaches to improve them. To enhance existing protocols, one way is to make routing decision based on multi-...

LEACH protocol is a low energy consumption adaptive clustering routing protocol which is firstly proposed by MIT scholars. Considering the disadvantages of the TDMA mechanism that used in LEACH, such as long time delay and high energy consumption, an improved routing protocol based on OVSF code transmission is proposed. Facilitated by its orthogonality and incoherence, the transmission can be r...