today, due to qualitative growth and scientific advances, energy, especially electricity is increasingly needed by human society. one of the almost endless and pure energy which have been paid attention over the years is the solar energy. solar cells directly convert solar energy into electrical energy and are one of the main blocks of photovoltaic systems. significant improvement has been made...

In this manuscript, we investigate the importance of renewable energy innovation for achieving inclusive and sustainable goals state’s security. Emphases in research are made on investigation effect regulatory policies fiscal incentives targets. Exploiting data 28 European countries over period 1990–2018, assess relationship between volumes efficiency. The statistical analysis performed Python....

This paper investigates relative aggregate energy efficiency for a panel of 39 developing countries by econometrically estimating an energy-demand function (EDF) using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach to provide scores over period 1989 2008. Energy is arguably difficult define or even conceptualise with several interpretations in literature but here it based on economists’ perspe...