Cyanobacteria have a strong potential for biofuel production due to their ability to accumulate large amounts of carbohydrates. Nitrogen (N) stress can be used to increase the content of carbohydrates in the biomass, but it is expected to reduce biomass productivity. To study this trade-off between carbohydrate accumulation and biomass productivity, we characterized the biomass productivity, bi...

Public energy productivity investment influences the amount of future energy consumption. If a present government expects its successor to value the social costs of fuel usage differently, this adds a strategic component to its investment

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper presents a theoretical model of firm-specific productivity growth that incorporates technological knowledge by electrification and tests the model empirically. Our theoretical explanations suggest that the energy-transformation from fossil fuel to electricity by electrification could cause a decrease in the short-term level of productivity but an increase in the...

1. The Nature of Resources 2. Major Factors Determining Resource Use 2.1 The Quest for Control 2.2 Productivity of Living Systems 2.3 The Productivity Paradigm 2.4 The Doctrine of Systemology 3. Major Factors Affecting Natural Resource Use 3.1 The Anthropic Revolution 3.2 Technology 3.3 Culture 4. Organization for Resource Use 5. Special Resources: Energy, Food, and Water 5.1 Energy as a Resour...

Semiconductor industry requires ultrapure chemicals to manufacture microelectronic devices. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most demanded chemical by the semiconductor industry and ultrapurification processes are needed to achieve the electronic grade requirements for this chemical. Among all the ultrapurification alternatives, reverse osmosis emerges as the most desirable option according to e...

The inclusion of cellulosic ethanol in the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 and the revised Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) has spurred development of the first commercial scale cellulosic ethanol biorefineries. These efforts have also revived interest in the development of dedicated energy crops selected for biomass productivity and for properties that facilitate conversion o...

This paper reports the construction and performance of an algae biofilm photobioreactor that offers a significant reduction of the energy and water requirements of cultivation. The green alga Botryococcus braunii was cultivated as a biofilm. The system achieved a direct biomass harvest concentration of 96.4 kg/m(3) with a total lipid content 26.8% by dry weight and a productivity of 0.71 g/m(2)...

Photosynthetic microalgae have a high potential for the production of biofuels and highly valued metabolites. However, their current industrial exploitation is limited by a productivity in photobioreactors that is low compared to potential productivity. The high cell density and pigment content of the surface layers of photosynthetic microalgae result in absorption of excess photons and energy ...