RATIONALE The participation of endothelial cells (EC) in many physiological and pathological processes is widely modeled using human EC cultures, but genetic manipulation of these untransformed cells has been technically challenging. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 nuclease (Cas9) technology offers a promising new approach. However,...

Smart grids (SGs) are reforming towards utilizing massive data for operations and services. During this reform, the information communication technologies (ICTs) play a critical role, especially computing model, which determines how analytics in SG can be executed. Edge (EC), novel paradigm innovation, has high potential to help with digitization of SG. This paper seeks provide comprehensive re...

1 This paper supported in part by National Science Foundation grants: EC-9872498, Engineering Education: Assessment Methodologies and Curricula Innovations and EEC-9727413Gateway Engineering Education Coalition. Also Engineering Information Foundation grant EiF 98-4. 2 Columbia University 3 University Of Pittsburgh 4 Colorado School of Mines Abstract  This paper describes on-going research at ...

Evolutionary computation (EC) is a general term applied to a group of global optimization techniques whose main characteristics are inspired by biological evolution. Instead of working with one possible solution at a time, they usually start with a population of random solutions. The initial population evolves into a better set of solutions through three main processes: selection, recombination...

Tissue engineering is based on three main factors including scaffolds, cells and growth factors. Natural scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully used in tissue engineering. Decellularization studies have shown that natural scaffolds which maintaine their main structure and properties could be a suitable tool for studying cellular behaviors and preparation...

When cultivated on substrates that prevent cell adhesion (the polymer polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate, bovine serum albumin, and Teflon), human endothelial cells (EC) rapidly lost viability with a half-life of approximately 10 h. Dying EC showed the morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis. The apoptotic process of suspended EC was delayed by the protein synthesis inhibitor cyclo...

Before the emerging of Internet, traditional travel agencies had been an industry that adopted information technology greatly, and common for each travel agency to have Computerized Reservation System to connect with airlines and hotels through dedicated lines. This kind of inter-organizational information system has been adopted for years; while viewing the travel industry as a whole, the chan...