A large variety of aquatic animals was found to emit the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide when nitrate was present in the environment. The emission was ascribed to denitrification by ingested bacteria in the anoxic animal gut, and the exceptionally high N(2)O-to-N(2) production ratio suggested delayed induction of the last step of denitrification. Filter- and deposit-feeding animal species s...

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This paper describes a method of extracting katakana words and phrases, along with their English counterparts from non-aligned monolingual web search engine query logs. The method employs a trainable edit distance function to find pairs that have a high probability of being equivalent. These pairs can then be used to further bootstrap training of the edit distance function, ...

Previous research suggests that children learning a variety of languages acquire similar early noun vocabularies and do so by similar and universal processes. We report here results from two studies that show differences in the early noun learning of Englishand Japanesespeaking children. Experiment 1 examined the relative numbers of animal names and object names in vocabularies of English-speak...

This article studies different aspects of a new approach to word sense disambiguation using statistical information gained from a monolingual corpus of the target language. Here, the source language is English and the target is Persian, and the disambiguation method can be directly applied in the system of English-to-Persian machine translation for solving lexical ambiguity problems in this sys...

Time concepts are named differently across the world's languages. In English, the names for days of the week and months of the year are opaque—to people learning and using English, there's no obvious reason why Friday or September have the names they do. But in other languages, like Chinese, time concepts have numerically transparent names—the days of the week and months of the year are named u...

................................................................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND & INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ..............................................................................................................