AIMS Surveys on heart failure management suggest under-utilization of life-saving evidence-based treatment. Evidence-based medicine and clinical guidelines are based on the results of randomized controlled trials. Therefore, we investigated how patients who fulfilled the enrolment criteria of randomized trials were treated in real life. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected three large placebo-cont...

BACKGROUND There is equivocal evidence regarding whether people who use heroin substitute heroin for alcohol upon entry to methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). We aimed to examine the impact of MMT enrolment on the onset of heavy drinking among people who use heroin. METHODS We derived data from prospective, community-based cohorts of people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada, between Dece...

OBJECTIVES To analyse immunovirological status during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) according to contemporary clinical status and time since infection. METHODS Plasma HIV-RNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) HIV-DNA levels and CD4 cell counts were determined at enrolment in the ANRS PRIMO cohort. Time since infection was estimated based on both the number of antibodies on western ...

This study uses comprehensive household data from Ghana to examine the link between financial inclusion and children’s learning outcomes late school enrolment. After resolving endogeneity, we find that a standard deviation increase in is associated with 0.7882 0.9504 deviations outcomes. It also reduces enrolment by 0.9493 deviation. Financial enhances schooling more for girls urban children. T...

This is the first paper to examine experimentally effects of information provision on beliefs about pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns postgraduate education, enrolment intentions realized enrolment. We find that our treatment causally affects measured six months after treatment. The differ by gender academic background, we stated change accordingly; in particular, males adjust significantly d...

Part II of The Impact of AIDS provides summaries of selected studies referred to in earlier chapters. For each study, the summary gives a brief overview of the objectives and results of the research. Much of the usefulness of the results depends on how a study was carried out. The summaries give information about the methodology , the size of the sample and whether it was representative, whethe...

Empowering the girl child has long been goal of many countries especially hard hit by gender disparity in education. Ghana, just like other sub-Saharan Africa, implemented policies to help address This study sought assess factors that limit female enrolment and performance despite programmes put place solve Using a quantitative research approach, questionnaires were administered 1,070 students ...

BACKGROUND Trachomatous trichiasis significantly reduces vision and health related quality of life (QoL). Although trichiasis surgery is widely performed to treat trichiasis, there is little data on the effect of surgery on QoL. We measured the impact of trichiasis surgery on vision and health related QoL in a longitudinal study from Amhara Region, Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We ...

Purpose: Slow-accruing clinical trials delay the translation of basic biomedical research, contribute to increasing health care costs, and may prohibit trials from reaching their original goals.Experimental Design: We analyzed a prospectively maintained institutional database that tracks all clinical studies at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). Inclusion criteria were activated phase...

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing diabetes incidence has been well established. Little is known, however, about factors influencing the reach of diabetes prevention programs. This study examines the predictors of enrolment in the Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program (SDPP), a community-based diabetes prevention program conducted in general practice, New South Wal...