Environmental sustainability is a key concept which EU environmental policy is endeavouring to diffuse throughout the relevant policy domains of member states. This includes tourism policy, which is a key activity of southern member states but which has often not been sustainable. Beginning with an analysis of how the sustainability concept has found resonance with the tourism policies of Italy...

The theory of regulatory competition in environmental policy predicts a 'race to the bottom' of standards. The article tests the theory for the first time directly using environmental output data for 24 countries over a period of 35 years. It finds a clear 'race to the top' which be partly explained by the search for international harmonisation when competition is imminent.

The objective of the present paper is to review the literature on the link between environmental policy and international trade, with a focus on imperfect competition on the world output markets. Special attention will be paid to the literature on oligopoly and strategic government policy and its potential consequences for the ecological dumping debate. We address partial equilibrium as well as...

The safety of a ship is studied using the theory of "safe basin" in this paper. The safe basins of the single degree of freedom (rolling) in waves and winds are investigated. The influences of a static heel angle, waves and winds to the safe basin erosion are examined. It is found that the shape of the safe basin is changed when a static bias angle takes place, and the area of the safe basin de...

The paper discusses the main problems of tourism in current China by recognizing the influence and harm of public crisis on tourism. And then the essential assumption is put forward to strengthen the environmental protection and build an effective monitoring system of tourism.

BACKGROUND The study of human exposure to environmental toxicants has evolved as a scientific field over the past 30 years. OBJECTIVES This review provides a historical perspective on the growth of exposure science as a field, with some emphasis on the results from initial observational studies in obtaining information needed for generating hypotheses on significant human contact with environ...

The effects of rapid rotation and bi–stability upon the density contrast between the equatorial and polar directions of a B[e] supergiant are re–investigated. Based upon a new slow solution for different high rotational radiation driven winds (Curé 2004) and the fact that bi–stability allows a change in the line–force parameters (α, k, and δ), the equatorial densities are about 102–104 times hi...