asthma is a complex, heterogeneous and chronic airway inflammatory disease with different clinical phenotypes caused by diverse triggers and pathophysiological mechanisms. asthma heritability has been established in many genetic studies but it is evident that only genetic elements are not responsible for the development of asthma. increasing rate of asthma incidence during past decades has impl...

Nowadays high trend of human machinery life, high utilizing vehicles, avoiding urban public place along with neglecting identity, cultural and social values of these places make that the places in urban different scales dismiss their importance and real role. In recent decades, designing public places in urban different scales has been considered as awesome effort to meet human social needs. Th...

The rapid growth in the number of older Americans has many implications for public health, including the need to better understand the risks posed to older adults by environmental exposures. Biologic capacity declines with normal aging; this may be exacerbated in individuals with pre-existing health conditions. This decline can result in compromised pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses...

PURPOSE The aim of the work was to assess the impact of environmental factors on the prevalence of myopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The work presents and discusses contemporary literature on the environmental determinants of myopia. RESULTS In the existing works it was demonstrated that environmental factors lead to higher prevalence of myopia. It is assumed that the higher incidence of myopia ...

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in communication and social behavior, and by repetitive behaviors. Although genetic factors might be largely responsible for the occurrence of autism they cannot fully account for all cases and it is likely that in addition to a certain combination of autism-related genes, specific environmental factors might act as risk fact...

DR. WRIGHT: As a follow-up to my formal presentation, I would like to point out that the pathologists are quite aware of problems in diagnosing experimentally induced emphysema in an animal model. It would be nice to be able to perform the classical experiment, as exemplified in Pasteur's historical study of immunity to an-thrax in sheep, one in which a direct cause and effect can be demonstrat...

Endometriosis represents a common gynecological condition affecting 5%-15% of childbearing age women and up to 3% 5% of post-menopausal women. This disease is defined by the presence of stromal and/or endometrial glandular epithelium implants in extra-uterine locations possibly compromising several sites. Humans and animals are daily exposed to chemical pollutants that could adversely influence...

This quantitative Golgi study extends our investigation of relationships between cortical dendrite systems in humans and higher cognitive functions. Here we examine the relationship between the basilar dendrites of supragranular pyramidal cells in Wernicke's area and selected intrinsic (i.e., gender and hemisphere) and extrinsic (i.e., education and personal history) variables. Tissue was obtai...