the main cause for concern about global warming and climate change. Primary air pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide, water vapour and un-burnt fuel, hydrocarbons, including volatile and non-volatile organic compounds, oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide (traces), and particulate matter. Pollutants, such as small particles arise not only from the exhaust but also from the roa...

BACKGROUND An explosion of research has been done in discovering how human health is affected by environmental factors. I will discuss the impacts of environmental cancer causing factors and how they continue to cause multiple disruptions in cellular networking. Some risk factors may not cause cancer. Other factors initiate consecutive genetic mutations that would eventually alter the normal pa...

The environmental problems affecting aircrew are partly those which all soldiers face, such as noise, heat and cold, and partly peculiar to the medium and the vehicle in which aircrew train and fight, such as disorientation and decompression. The cockpit environment of the modern helicopter is luxurious in comparison with many of its predecessors, yet most of the adverse effects of flight on th...

The etiology of the nigrostriatal pathway degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown but there is a growing pool of evidence that environmental factors may be involved in the genesis of this disorder. The discovery of the N-Methyl 4-Phenyl 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-Pyridine (MPTP)-induced injury in late 1970s provided the first experimental model of PD and stimulated dramatically the epidemio...

Despite numerous studies on possible associations between environmental exposure and allergic disorders, any conclusions made remain a matter of controversy. We conducted a review of evidence in relation to environmental and nutritional determinants and wheeze, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. Identified were 263 articles for analysis after consideration of 1093 papers that wer...

The experiments aimed at evaluating the optimal parameters in the chemo-immunotherapeutic treatment of the L1210 lymphoid leukaemia grafted to [female BALB/c (H2d) x male DBA/2 (H2d)]Fl hybrid mice, hereafter referred to as CDF1 mice. In vitro irradiation of leukaemic ascites cells by X-or y-rays and subsequent inoculation in mice showed that optimum immunogenicity is radiation dose-dependent. ...

Genetic factors are clearly important in the etiology of schizophrenia, but the environment in which an individual's genes find expression is also crucial to the development of the illness. In this review of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, we consider risks operating prenatally and perinatally, during childhood, and then later in life prior to illness onset Some of these risk fact...

People who smoke may tend to drink more alcoholic beverages and coffee and consume more non-narcotic pain relievers than nonsmokers. Several studies have reported a relationship between the severity of alcoholand nicotine-dependency, which in turn, may be controlled by genetic factors. Some research suggests that smoking may reduce the intoxicating effects of alcohol, promoting the progression ...

1 Silent Spring Institute, Newton, Massachusetts. 2 Department of Epidemiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Laboratory research has shown that numerous environmental pollutants cause mammary gland tumors in animals; are hormonally active, specifically mimicking estrogen, which is a breast cancer risk factor; or affect susceptibility of the mammary gland to carcinogenesis. ...

Poisoning represents one of the most common threats against public health. This population-based study was undertaken to identify potentially hazardous environmental factors for poisoning in Vietnam, and thereby to improve the background information needed to take adequate preventive measures. The study population comprised 3,814 individuals from 942 randomly selected households in Phu Tho Prov...