In previous communications we reported stimulation in uitro of glucose oxidation in the thyroid by thyroid-stimulating hormone and acetylcholine (1, 2). These observations have been extended to epinephrine and related compounds. Epinephrine is known to affect the physiology of the thyroid gland. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine modify thyroid blood flow and increase the release of thyroid ho...

BACKGROUND Literature on the use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis during anesthesia is very limited. The objective of this study was to investigate how often epinephrine is used in the treatment of suspected anaphylaxis during anesthesia in Denmark and whether timing of treatment is important. METHODS A retrospective study of 270 patients investigated at the Danish Anaesthesia A...

BACKGROUND The local anesthetic properties of tetrodotoxin, a potent naturally occurring sodium channel blocker, have been recently reexamined. It was found that sciatic nerve block duration could be greatly increased and systemic toxicity greatly decreased if epinephrine was injected with tetrodotoxin. The mechanism that underlies epinephrine-mediated prolongation of tetrodotoxin nerve blocks ...

Using aqueous and vitreous fluorophotometry, the authors examined the blood-aqueous and blood-retinal barrier functions in three groups of pigmented rabbits. Epinephrine (1.25%) was applied topically five times daily and indomethacin (0.5% sesame oil suspension) was applied topically three times daily to one eye of each of the animals in Group 1; under the same regimen, epinephrine and indometh...

Using radioimmunoassay techniques, we measured the amounts of prostaglandin E (PGE) in the aqueous humor and vitreous body of 22 phakic and ten aphakic rabbit eyes. Either epinephrine and placebo, epinephrine and indomethacin, indomethacin and placebo, or placebo and placebo were administered topically for 5 months. Treatment of aphakic eyes was initiated 1 month after intracapsular lens extrac...

Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla in rat receive excitatory synaptic input through anterior and posterior divisions of the sympathetic splanchnic nerve. Upon synaptic stimulation, the adrenal medulla releases the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the suprarenal vein for circulation throughout the body. Under sympathetic tone, catecholamine release is mode...

BACKGROUND Epinephrine in digital blocks has been condemned by traditional medical theory. The authors provide a retrospective review of 1111 cases involving digital block anesthesia with epinephrine in conjunction with an extensive literature review. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of 1111 cases involving digital and hand surgery. Observations were made concerning the lo...

BACKGROUND The most appropriate inotropic agent for use in the newborn is uncertain. Dopamine and epinephrine are commonly used, but have unknown effects during hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension; the effects on the splanchnic circulation, in particular, are unclear. METHODS The effects on the systemic, pulmonary, hepatic, and mesenteric circulations of infusions of dopamine and epinephrine (...

BACKGROUND The most commonly impacted tooth is the third molar. An impacted third molar can ultimately cause acute pain, infection, tumors, cysts, caries, periodontal disease, and loss of adjacent teeth. Local anesthesia is employed for removing the third molar. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 or 1:200,000 epinephrine for surgical extraction of...

Endogenous release of epinephrine after stress as well as exogenous epinephrine infusion are known to result in impaired glucose tolerance. Previous studies of man and animals have demonstrated that this effect of epinephrine results from inhibition of insulin secretion and augmentation of hepatic glucose production. However, the effect of epinephrine on tissue sensitivity to insulin, and the r...