In (McCarthy and Hayes 1969), we proposed dividing the artificial intelligence problem into two parts—an epistemological part and a heuristic part. This lecture further explains this division, explains some of the epistemological problems, and presents some new results and approaches. The epistemological part of AI studies what kinds of facts about the world are available to an observer with gi...

This paper formulates a general epistemological argument against what I call non-causal realism, generalizing domain specific arguments by Benacerraf, Field, and others. First I lay out the background to the argument, making a number of distinctions that are often missed in discussions of epistemological arguments against realism. Then I define the target of the argument — non-causal realism — ...

There is an epistemological crisis in genomics. At issue is what constitutes scientific knowledge in genomic science, or systems biology in general. Does this crisis require a new perspective on knowledge heretofore absent from science or is it merely a matter of interpreting new scientific developments in an existing epistemological framework? This paper discusses the manner in which the exper...

This article examines the legal implications linked to recent scientific research on human consciousness. The article contends that groundbreaking revelations about consciousness expose the frailties of the criminal law's traditional dual dichotomies of conscious versus unconscious thought processes and voluntary versus involuntary acts. These binary doctrines have no valid scientific foundatio...

ThisArticle broadly examines the conservative Rehnquist Court's federalism doctrines and, in doing so, explores the connections between judicial conservatism and a commitment to federalism. Three conclusions emerge First, although the Court has moved aggressively to advance federalism through well-known doctrines, it frequently proves more substantively conservative than it does profederalism w...

Mahavira, 24th Tirthankara of Jainism is highly celebrated figure in the world for his ideas that revolutionized world. He was a realist thinker who tried hard to spread humanitarian values, human-centric teachings centred on making one’s life viable himself and others. This paper an attempt present brief one aspect Mahavira’s model individual well-being comparing it with ‘Capability-approach’ ...

The Osteographia of William Cheselden (1688–1752) is universally recognized as one of the most important and beautiful books in the British anatomical tradition.1 Cheselden had two principal goals in creating the Osteographia: to provide the most accurate study of the human skeleton to date and to create the most attractive atlas of osteology available. By common agreement, he succeeded in prov...