Epitope Tagging of Strains Regulators were tagged by inserting multiple copies of the Myc epitope coding sequence into the normal chomosomal loci of these genes. The plasmid pWZV88 (1) was used as a template to generate PCR products containing the Myc epitope coding sequence and a selectable marker (TRP) flanked by homologous regions designed to recombine at the 3’ end of the targeted transcrip...

We describe three recombinant engineered antibodies against three recombinant epitope tags, constructed with divalent binding arms to recognize divalent epitopes and so achieve high affinity and specificity. In two versions, an epitope is inserted in tandem into a protein of interest, and a homodimeric antibody is constructed by fusing a high-affinity epitope-binding domain to a human or mouse ...

Antigen-induced peripheral tolerance is potentially one of the most efficient and specific therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases. Although highly effective in animal models, antigen-based strategies have not yet been translated into practicable human therapy, and several clinical trials using a single antigen or peptidic-epitope in multiple sclerosis (MS) yielded disappointing results....

The HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) gp120 and gp41 mediate entry and are the targets for neutralizing antibodies. Within gp41, a continuous epitope defined by the broadly neutralizing antibody 2F5, is one of the few conserved sites accessible to antibodies on the functional HIV Env spike. Recently, as an initial attempt at structure-guided design, we transplanted the 2F5 epitope onto several...

The HER-2/neu oncogene has >25 HLA epitopes, yet only one FVB/N mouse CD8(+) T-cell epitope has been mapped to date. This epitope has been termed the immunodominant epitope for the FVB/N mouse, but we propose that the vaccination strategy determines the dominance of epitopes. Using a series of overlapping peptides, we have mapped another CD8(+) T-cell epitope that emerges in the FVB/N mouse fol...

Guy's 13 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the major cell-surface adhesion protein SA I/II of Streptococcus mutans, one of the major causative agents of dental caries. Passive immunization with Guy's 13 prevents bacterial colonization in humans. To help elucidate the mechanism of prevention of colonization conferred by this antibody, the SA I/II epitope recognized by G...

We have identified a novel mAb, SG31, which recognizes the mouse integrin alpha4 subunit. Unlike the epitopes recognized by other anti-alpha4 antibodies, the SG31 epitope is expressed on subpopulations of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. After manganese ion, but not phorbol myristic acetate activation, the epitope is induced and expressed on the majority of peripheral T cells. These data sugg...

CD8(+) T cell responses are critical for the control of virus infections. Following infection, epitope-specific responses establish an unpredictable but reproducible pattern of dominance that is dictated by a large number of both positive and negative factors. Immunodomination, or diminution of subdominant epitope-specific responses by dominant epitopes, can play a substantial role in the estab...

This study showed that the antigenicity of a malarial epitope increased with the length of the epitope when inserted at positions aa26 (amino acid position 26) and aa196, but not at aa213, of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa major outer membrane protein OprF (326 amino acids). Immunization studies showed that a 19-aa epitope was significantly more immunogenic than a 7-aa epitope when inserted at aa26...

Background: The honey bee of the Apis mellifera species is main type cultivated in almost all countries world, including Indonesia. Honey has benefits various aspects, food, health, and beauty. Royal jelly a daily food menu as supplement to maintain increase health vitality. Purpose: Analyzing immunogenic toxinogenic proteins carpatica immunotherapy. Method: Conversion nucleotides into amino ac...