Gonadal steroid hormones influence CNS functioning through a variety of different mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that estrogen modulates synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, in vitro hippocampal slices from 2-mo-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were used to determine the effect of 17beta-estradiol on both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs...

Gene amplification has been observed in many bacteria and eukaryotes as a response to various selective pressures, such as antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs, pesticides, herbicides, and other stressful environmental conditions. An increase in gene copy number is often found as extrachromosomal elements that usually contain autonomously replicating extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules (eccDNAs). A...

Gamma oscillations synchronized between distant neuronal populations may be critical for binding together brain regions devoted to common processing tasks. Network modeling predicts that such synchrony depends in part on the fast time course of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in interneurons, and that even moderate slowing of this time course will disrupt synchrony. We generated mice...

Mawe, Gary M., and Audra L. Kennedy. Duodenal neurons provide nicotinic fast synaptic input to sphincter of Oddi neurons in guinea pig. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G226–G234, 1999.—We have investigated the existence of neural connections between the duodenum and the sphincter of Oddi (SO). Stimulation of duodenal myenteric fiber bundles elicited synaptic responses in ...

We compared the transient increase of Ca2+ in single spines on basal dendrites of rat neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons evoked by subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and back-propagating action potentials (APs) by using calcium fluorescence imaging. AP-evoked Ca2+ transients were detected in both the spines and in the adjacent dendritic shaft, whereas Ca2+ transients evo...

Electrophysiological techniques were employed to examine the organization of the projections of submucosal neurons in the submucosal plexus of guinea pig ileum. These neurons were activated by focal pressure-pulse application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to single ganglia in submucosal preparations in vitro, and resulting fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded intracellu...

The synaptic specificity of long-term potentiation (LTP) was examined at synapses formed on aspinous dendrites of interneurons whose somata were located in the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampal area CA1. Intracellular recordings from slices prepared from rats were used to monitor excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) elicited by extracellular stimulation in stratum radiatum. Two synaptic...

The possibility that R-type calcium channels contribute to fast glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus has been assessed using low concentrations of NiCl(2) and the peptide toxin SNX 482, a selective antagonist of the pore-forming alpha(1E) subunit of R-type calcium channel. EPSPs or EPSCs were recorded in the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique mainly from CA3 hippocam...

Whole cell recordings of excitatory postsynaptic potentials/currents (EPSPs/EPSCs) evoked by minimal stimulation of commissural-associative (CF) and mossy fibre (MF) inputs were performed in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Paired responses (at 50 ms intervals) were recorded before, during and after hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane (20-30 mV for 15-35 min). Membrane hyperpolarization produc...

In decerebrated, nonanesthetized cats, we made intracellular whole-cell recordings and extracellular cell-attached recordings from granule cells in the cerebellar C3 zone. Spontaneous EPSPs had large, relatively constant peak amplitudes, whereas IPSPs were small and did not appear to contribute substantially to synaptic integration at a short time scale. In many cases, the EPSPs of individual m...