Transgenic glyphosate-tolerant plants overproducing EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) may exhibit enhanced fitness in glyphosate-free environments. If so, introgression of transgenes overexpressing EPSPS into wild relative species may lead to increased competitiveness of crop-wild hybrids, resulting in unpredicted environmental impact. Assessing fitness effects of transgenes o...

We studied the spread of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) through electrical synapses in Retzius neurones of the leech Haementeria officinalis. The pair of Retzius neurones in each ganglion is coupled by a non-rectifying electrical synapse. Both neurones displayed synchronous EPSPs of varying amplitudes and rise times. The kinetics of synchronous EPSPs was similar in 79 % of the EPSP ...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in the enteric system in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. There have been no studies on whether H2S is endogenously generated in peripheral sympathetic ganglia and, if so, its effect on synaptic transmission. In this study, we examined the effect of H2S on cholinergic excitatory fast synaptic transmission in the mouse superior mesenteric gangl...

Synaptic inputs of rubrospinal (RN) neurons from the cerebral cortex, pretectal area (PRT), and medial lemniscus (ML) were investigated electrophysiologically in the cat. Stimulation of the ipsilateral parietal association cortex (PASC) and secondary sensory area (SII) produced slow-rising about 3 msec rise time monosynaptic EPSPs which were, in some cases, followed by hyperpolarizations, simil...

the alternative use of non-selective herbicides in different years will reduce the possibility of weeds resistance to herbicide by avoiding the crops constant exposure to herbicide selection pressure. the photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (pgms) rice with herbicide resistance will be convenient to the mechanization of hybrid seed production and weed control. in order to develop double he...

To reduce the size of the biosignal data is important because a huge amount of data is made by various experiments. In the paper, we efficiently compress the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) which is one of the biosignal types. To the best of authors' knowledge, EPSPs compression has not been studied yet. The EPSP signal has a feature that the adjacent signals in single excitatory pos...

Widespread overuse of the herbicide glyphosate, the active ingredient in RoundUp®, has led to the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes, some of which persist by overproducing the herbicide's target enzyme, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). EPSPS is a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, lignin, and defensive compounds, b...

Slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in enteric neurons arise from diverse sources, but which neurotransmitters mediate specific types of slow EPSPs is unclear. We investigated transmitters and receptors mediating slow EPSPs in myenteric neurons evoked by electrical stimulation of the mucosa in guinea pig small intestine. Segments of ileum or jejunum were dissected to allow access to...

Neocortical neurons spontaneously fire action potentials during active network states; how are dendritic synaptic inputs integrated into the ongoing action potential output pattern of neurons? Here, the efficacy of barrages of simulated EPSPs generated at known dendritic sites on the rate and pattern of ongoing action potential firing is determined using multisite whole-cell recording technique...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of unitary EPSPs, generated by pairs of monosynaptically connected CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cells, was compared with LTP of extracellularly evoked, multi-unitary EPSPs in rat hippocampal slice cultures. LTP was induced by repeated, synchronous pairing of low-frequency presynaptic and postsynaptic activity. Three differences were observed. First, LTP of multi-unitary EP...