In Western culture, there appears to be widespread endorsement of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (which stresses equality and freedom). But do people really apply their equality values equally, or are their principles and application systematically discrepant, resulting in equality hypocrisy? The present study, conducted with a representative national sample of adults in...

This article investigates the dynamics that gender quota reforms create within and between government and opposition parties in electoral authoritarian dominant-party states. A dominant-party state regularly holds relatively competitive elections, but the political playing field is skewed in favor of the government party. We investigate the circumstances under which gender quotas’ goal of furth...

We review two strands of conceptual approaches to the formal representation of a decision maker’s nonknowledge at the initial stage of a static one-person, one-shot decision problem in economic theory. One focuses on representations of non-knowledge in terms of probability measures over sets of mutually exclusive and exhaustive consequence-relevant states of Nature, the other deals with unaware...

This study focuses on the decisions made by firms with regard to the protection of their innovative activities. The prior literature has tended to pursue two points of view which have seldom been brought together, emphasising either the separation of the various methods of protection or the benefits of combining multiple techniques. We strive to marry these two perspectives with a view to expla...

This paper presents a methodology which allows for an objective analysis of video game quality based on player behaviour. A mutually exclusive and exhaustive code of 5 behavioural states is presented based on an analysis of 10 users each playing 3 video games. The coding scheme is verified for inter-coder agreement with resulting Kappa values in the range of 0.74 to 0.91 (good agreement to very...

This paper contributes to the debate on whether volunteering influences social cohesion, and argues that issues of race equality should be considered in this discussion. Whilst the German government, like other European states, promotes volunteering as a way of improving social cohesion, discussions on social cohesion in Germany tend not to mention race explicitly, whilst studies on volunteerin...

Relationship lending helps reduce asymmetric information, which potentially creates benefits for borrowers. However, empirical evidence is mixed. We conduct a meta-analysis to summarize and explain the heterogeneity in the results in the literature using hand-collected information from 101 studies in the U.S., Europe, Asia and Latin America from 1970-2010. We find that strong relationships are ...

We consider the damped and driven two-dimensional Euler equations in the plane with weak solutions having finite energy and enstrophy. We show that these (possibly non-unique) solutions satisfy the energy and enstrophy equality. It is shown that this system has a strong global and a strong trajectory attractor in the Sobolev space H. A similar result on the strong attraction holds in the spaces...

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