We argue that fuzzy equivalences, and in particular fuzzy equalities, in general are not suitable to model approximate equality due to the notion of transitivity. Using them for this purpose therefore leads to counter-intuitive results, as we illustrate in detail in a fuzzy relationbased framework for the representation of linguistic modifiers. We solve the problem by choosing resemblance relat...

The discourse of participation in and about Brazil has contributed to the wider discourse of the public sphere. As anoccasion to revise the general concept of the public sphere, it carries its own limitations as well. The public sphereis an arena where citizens come together to discuss matters of general interest and through this discussion are thenable to influence the state. The c...

The debate over the hijab has become an arena of fervent discussion in Europe. The recent political developments have opened a discussion on the relationship between a “secularized” West and an Islamic world. At the heart of this debate is the juridical regulation of women’s body and whether a simple piece of cloth such as the veil should be allowed or prohibited. This article takes into consid...

Research on the social implications of e-mail has promoted the role of electronic communication channels in reaching social equality and dissipating gaps between the social classes. Other streams of research maintain that social status attributions are mentally salient, and that people continue to rely on social cues in electronic communication as a way of dealing with uncertainties and reducin...

BACKGROUND Men and women have different patterns of health. These differences between the sexes present a challenge to the field of public health. The question why women experience more health problems than men despite their longevity has been discussed extensively, with both social and biological theories being offered as plausible explanations. In this article, we focus on how gender equality...

peer in marriage contract is defined as equality and similar dignity of spouse in some issues. there is a difference of opinion among imamiya jurists and also the sunnite scholars concerning the issues and criterion of equality in marriage. reputed imamiya jurists consider islam & belief in the imamate of the twelve imams (pbut) to be the criterion for the equality and similar ranking of the ma...

In this paper we study relationships between CNF representations of a given Boolean function f and certain sets of implicates of f . We introduce two definitions of sets of implicates which are both based on the properties of resolution. The first type of sets, called exclusive sets of implicates, is shown to have a functional property useful for decompositions. The second type of sets, called ...

We report a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B → Xsl +l− using a 29.5 fb−1 data sample accumulated at the Υ(4S) resonance with Belle detector at the KEKB e+e− storage ring. We observe evidence for B → Kμ+μ− and report the preliminary branching fraction of B(B → Kμ+μ−) = (0.99 −0.32 +0.13 −0.15)× 10−6. We also set the following 90% confidence level upper limits on the branchi...

Scholars have argued that institutional inequities and control over resources are linked to gender-based violence. However, psychologists have yet to reposition their research questions to examine how structural inequities lead to power imbalances and gender-based norms that perpetuate threats to women’s health and safety. This study provides a theoretical framework for, and an examination of, ...