A re-evaluation of the ClO/Cl2O2 equilibrium constant based on stratospheric in-situ observations M. von Hobe, J.-U. Grooß, R. Müller, S. Hrechanyy, U. Winkler, and F. Stroh Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Received: 3 August 2004 – Accepted: 16 August 2004 – Published: 7 September 2004 Correspondence to: M. von Hob...

In a real-time electric power auction, the bids of producers consist of committed supply as a function of price. The bids are submitted under uncertainty, before the demand by the Independent System Operator has been realized. In the Supply Function Equilibrium (SFE), every producer chooses the supply function maximizing his expected profit given his residual demand. I consider a uniform-price ...

The j3 nerve growth factor (NGF) isolated from the high molecular weight 7 S NGF complex from mouse submaxillary gland is a protein of molecular weight 26,500 which contains two noncovalently associated peptide chains. A variety of techniques were employed to determine whether the NGF dimer dissociates at the low concentrations at which it is biologically active. No dissociation was detected in...

We reconsider the virial theorem in the presence of a positive cosmological constant Λ. Assuming steady state, we derive an inequality of the form ρ ≥ A(Λ/4πGN ) for the mean density ρ of the astrophysical object. The parameter A depends only on the shape of the object. With a minimum at Asphere = 2, its value can increase by several orders of magnitude as the shape of the object deviates from ...

le chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . however, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. in this article, we derived a simple equation for the violati...

1. The equilibrium constant for oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by NADP(+), catalysed by isocitrate dehydrogenase, was measured in solutions of various ionic strengths and at several temperatures. 2. Thermodynamic values for the reaction were obtained by extrapolation to zero ionic strength, and the heat of reaction was estimated. 3. The effect of Mg(2+) ion concentration on the equilib...

It has been proposed that the control signals underlying voluntary human arm movement have a "complex" nonmonotonic time-varying form, and a number of empirical findings have been offered in support of this idea. In this paper, we address three such findings using a model of two-joint arm motion based on the lambda version of the equilibrium-point hypothesis. The model includes six one- and two...

The bond strength of chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) is studied by photoionization mass spectrometry. The experimental results are obtained from the fragmentation threshold yielding ClO+, which is observed at 11.52 +/- 0.025 eV. The O-O bond strength D(o) is derived from this value in comparison to the first ionization energy of ClO, yielding D(o)298 = 72.39 +/- 2.8 kJ mol(-1). The present work prov...

The role of regulatory proteins in the elementary steps of the cross-bridge cycle in bovine myocardium was investigated. The thin filament was selectively removed by gelsolin and the actin filament was reconstituted without tropomyosin or troponin. Further reconstitution was achieved by adding tropomyosin and troponin. The effects of MgATP and phosphate (Pi) on the rate constants of exponential...