In order to regenerate tissues successfully, stem cells must detect injuries and restore missing cell types through largely unknown mechanisms. Planarian flatworms have an extensive population responsible for regenerating any organ after amputation. Here, we compare planarian responses different by either amputation of a single organ, the pharynx, or removal from other organs decapitation. We f...

We demonstrate that the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1 and ERK-2 have a central role in mediating T-cell receptor-dependent induction of IL4 expression in human CD4(+) T cells. Significantly, this involved a novel mechanism wherein receptor cross-linking induced activated ERK to physically associate with a promoter element on the IL4 gene. The pr...

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is a major lipid peroxidation (LPO) product formed during oxidative stress. 4-HNE is highly reactive toward cellular nucleophiles and is implicated in the evolution of numerous pathologies associated with oxidative stress and LPO. Recent evidence suggests that chronic prooxidant exposure results in the loss of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-1/2 phosphory...

We describe a novel approach that allows detection of primary and metastatic cells in vivo in which either the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or the p38 pathway is activated. Our recent findings showed that ERK and p38 kinases regulate, respectively, programs dictating cell proliferation (high ERK-to-p38 ratio) or growth arrest and dormancy (low ERK-to-p38 ratio) in vivo. Thus, we ...

The use of targeted therapeutics directed against BRAF(V600)-mutant metastatic melanoma improves progression-free survival in many patients; however, acquired drug resistance remains a major medical challenge. By far, the most common clinical resistance mechanism involves reactivation of the MAPK (RAF/MEK/ERK) pathway by a variety of mechanisms. Thus, targeting ERK itself has emerged as an attr...

Mek inhibition and Erk knockout (KO) have quite distinct effects on pluripotency maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To test whether there is an Erk-independent function of Mek, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is carried out on six samples, WT KH2 ESCs treated with or without PD0325901 (PD) for 48 h (KH2_PD and KH2, respectively), iErk1; Erk KO ESCs cultured in the presence of Dox (P0), ...

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG), are T cell-dependent antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. A dual altered peptide ligand (APL) that is composed of the tandemly arranged two single amino acid analogues of two myasthenogenic peptides, p195-212 and p259-271, down-regulated in vitro and in vivo MG-associated autoreactive responses. The dual APL was s...

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is strongly activated in response to TCR stimulation in normal T cells. However, the extent to which activation of the ERK pathway is necessary for TCR-stimulated cytokine production is not clear. We have addressed this question by use of two separate methods to interfere with TCR activation of the ERK cascade. The first approach...

BACKGROUND Vessel dilator and kaliuretic peptide have anticancer effects in human prostate adenocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide and cyclic GMP's effects on ERK 1/2 kinase were examined in human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS Vessel dilator and kaliuretic peptide decreased the activation of ERK 1/2 over a concentration range of 0.01 microM to 1 mi...

Objetivos: Determinar la inmunoexpresión de las proteínas CAV-1, PTEN, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF V600E, CRAF, MEK y ERK en mixoma odontogénico (MO) germen dentario.Métodos: Se realizó un total 248 cortes para técnica inmunohistoquímica corte por muestra tinción con Hematoxilina Eosina 30 especímenes MO 1 caso dentario. El tipo muestreo fue no probabilístico conveniencia. La evaluación inmunoexpresión, s...