The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) controls cellular processes by phosphorylating multiple substrates. The ERK protein can use the same domains to interact with phosphatases, which dephosphorylate and deactivate ERK, and with substrates, which connect ERK to its downstream effects. As a consequence, substrates can compete with phosphatases and control the level of ERK phosphorylati...

Phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) on tyrosine and threonine residues within the TEY tripeptide motif induces ERK activation and targeting of substrates. Although it is recognized that phosphorylation of both residues is required for ERK activation, it is not known if a single phosphorylation of either residue regulates physiological functions. In light of rece...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in mammalian testicular and epididymal development. This study aimed to investigate ERK expression the immature mature testes epididymides of bulls. We evaluated using immunoblot analysis immunohistochemistry. Immunoblot revealed that bull had higher phosphorylated (pERK) than epididymides. pERK immunoreactivity was testes. loc...

In diabetic pathology, insufficiency in β-cell mass, unable to meet peripheral insulin demand, and functional defects of individual β-cells production are often concurrently observed, collectively causing hyperglycemia. Here we show that the phosphorylation ERK1/2 is significantly decreased islets db/db mice as well those a cohort subjects with type 2 diabetes. abrogation ERK signaling pancreat...

Phosphorylation of the extracellular signal– regulated kinases (ERKs) on tyrosine and threonine residues within the TEY tripeptide motif induces ERK activation and targeting of substrates. Although it is recognized that phosphorylation of both residues is required for ERK activation, it is not known if a single phosphorylation of either residue regulates physiological functions. In light of rec...

Increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels are found in patients with atherosclerosis. ET-1 is known to increase the mitotic response of different growth factors already at threshold concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ET-1 on the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1 and ERK 2. Smooth muscle cells were inc...

Objective Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the fastest-growing malignant tumors. This study sought to explore mechanism immune escape mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) in TC. Methods The expression microarray TC was acquired through GEO database, and difference analysis Kyoto encyclopedia genes genomes pathway enrichment were carried out. KIT levels cell lines (K1/SW579/BCPAP) human norma...

Abstract Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a clinically distinct and highly aggressive form of with rapid onset strong propensity to metastasize. The molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressiveness metastatic IBC are largely unknown. Herein, we report that decorin (DCN), small leucine-rich extracellular matrix proteoglycan, downregulated in tumors from patients IBC. Overexpression DCN cell...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) belongs to the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) superfamily. Aberrant upregulation and activation of ERK cascades may often lead to tumor cell development. However, how ERK is involved in tumor progression is yet to be defined. In current study, we described that ERK undergoes S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide (NO). ERK S-nitrosylation inhibits ...