let r be a commutative ring with identity. let n and k be two submodules of a multiplication r-module m. thenn=im and k=jm for some ideals i and j of r. the product of n and k denoted by nk is defined by nk=ijm. inthis paper we characterize some particular cases of multiplication modules by using the product of submodules.

The term “bureaucracy” has never been so precisely defined than in the writings of Max Weber. Such precision results in a useful and enduring conceptualization of the term. This paper examines four essential characteristics of Weber’s ideal type bureaucracy; defining them and their technical advantages in the context of certain overarching sociological trends. These trends are impersonality, ef...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})− fuzzy subnear-ring which is a generalization of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy subnear-ring. we have given examples which are ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})−fuzzy ideals but they are not ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy ideals. we have also introduced the notions of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ ...

in this paper, by introducing two virtual decision-making units (dmus) called ideal dmu (idmu) and anti-ideal dmu (admu) with fuzzy inputs-outputs, the efficiency evaluation of dmus are done by fuzzy data envelopment analysis (fdea). therefore, we evaluate dmus from the perspective of the best and worst possible relative efficiency. for each dmu two efficiencies are calculated while inputs and ...

Detection of intensity flashes in the blowfly photoreceptor is limited by photon noise in the input signal as well as noise contributed by transduction components within the photoreceptor. Our analysis uses an ideal observer and a model of blowfly phototransduction to compute the threshold for optimal detection of intensity flashes as background intensity varies. We find that detection threshol...

Multilinear maps have become popular tools for designing cryptographic schemes since a first approximate realisation candidate was proposed by Garg, Gentry and Halevi (GGH). This construction was later improved by Langlois, Stehlé and Steinfeld who proposed GGHLite which offers smaller parameter sizes. In this work, we provide the first implementation of such approximate multilinear maps based ...

the concept of  -semihyperring is a generalization of semiring, a generalization of semihyperring and a generalization of      -semiring. since the theory of ideals plays an important role in the theory of  - semihyperring, in this paper, we will make an intensive study of the notions of noetherian, artinian, simple and   regular      -semihyperrings. the bulk of this paper...