A growing body of longitudinal studies suggests that low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression. However, it is unclear whether other characteristics of self-esteem, besides its level, explain incremental or even greater variance in subsequent depression. We examined the prospective effects of self-esteem level, instability (i.e., the degree of variability in self-esteem across short perio...

Individuals with defensive self-esteem score low on implicit measures of self-esteem (ISE) and high on explicit measures of self-esteem (ESE). Although there is some evidence about the consequences of defensive self-esteem, much of it is indirect and open to alternative explanations. Here, we offer direct and novel evidence regarding the implications of defensive self-esteem. Using a standard v...

conclusions our findings revealed that aerobic exercise increases self-esteem. an improvement in educational, family, social, and general self-esteem scores was seen only in the experimental group. results the results showed that although the self-esteem average score was not significant before the intervention, it increased significantly in the experimental group. in the experimental group, th...

Implicit and explicit self-esteem are assumed to be important factors in understanding the onset and maintenance of psychological problems. The current study aims to examine the association between implicit and explicit self-esteem and their interaction with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Specifically, the relationship between the size and the direction of the discrepan...

Self-esteem has become a household word. Teachers, parents, therapists, and others have focused efforts on boosting self-esteem, on the assumption that high self-esteem will cause many positive outcomes and benefits-an assumption that is critically evaluated in this review. Appraisal of the effects of self-esteem is complicated by several factors. Because many people with high self-esteem exagg...

abstract background: one of the most critical periods of the life of a person is adolescence. during this period, individuals face many problems such as low self‑esteem. self‑esteem can be influenced by many factors such as school, friends, and inner personality, but it seems that the family has a crucial role in shaping self‑esteem. therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relations...

conclusions lower level of self-steem should be considered as an important factor for tendency for drug abuse. results the mean age of participants was not statistically different in three groups (p = 0.75) but the other variables (i.e. level of education, job, location of living, and marital status) show significant statistical difference (p = 0.001).the mean score of self-esteem in the group ...

OBJECTIVE Review published findings on self-esteem and pediatric overweight, and changes in self-esteem subsequent to weight management programs. METHODS We used PsycInfo and MedLine searches to identify peer-reviewed journal articles examining self-esteem changes following participation in weight management programs. RESULTS Data regarding the relationship between self-esteem and obesity i...

Sociometer theory proposes that the self-esteem system evolved as a monitor of social acceptance, and that the so called self-esteem motive func tions not to maintain self-es teem per se but rather to avoid social devaluation and rejec tion. Cues indicating that the individual is not adequately valued and accepted by other people lower self-esteem and motivate behaviors that en hance relational...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is characterized by reports of grandiosity including exaggerated illusions of superiority and entitlement (DSM-IV-TR, APA, 2000). Based on clinical theories (e.g., Kernberg, 1975), many researchers argue that high explicit self-esteem in narcissists masks underlying implicit vulnerability (low implicit self-esteem). Conversely, b...