The goal of the present study was to explore the effects of long-term hormone deprivation on the ability of subsequent estrogen replacement to affect cognition. Female rats, 12 months of age, underwent ovariectomies (n = 30) or sham surgeries (n = 10). Intact rats and 20 ovariectomized rats received cholesterol implants. Ten ovariectomized rats received implants containing 25% estradiol. Five m...

Increasing evidence suggests that 17β-estradiol, a sex hormone, is synthesized by neurons. In addition, 17α-estradiol, the stereoisomer of 17β-estradiol, is reported to be the dominant form in the male mouse brain. However, probably because the method to detect these isomers requires unusual and precise experimental design, the presence of this endogenous 17α-estradiol has not been reported sub...

Urinary estradiol production rates, plasma estradiol, and peripheral conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to estradiol were explored in patients whose neoplasms made human chorionic gonadotropin and/or human chorionic gonadotropin beta fragments. In five men with choriocarcinoma, estradiol production was elevated, plasma estradiol was high, and DHEAS conversion to estradiol rang...

To improve orthopedic implant fixation and reduce post-operative complications, osteogenic molecules are delivered locally by immobilizing them on the surface of implants, which will modulate the biology of cell attachment and differentiation on the implant surface. Estradiol, a natural steroid hormone, maintains bone metabolism by decreasing bone resorption. It either directly or indirectly af...

Introduction:This study examined the effects of administration of subcutaneous β-estradiol on PTSD-like symptoms (the enhanced conditioned fear response, CFR) that induced by a single-prolonged stress (SPS) and shock in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to SPS procedure: restraint for 2 h, forced swim for 20 min, and ether anesthesia. Then the rats were placed in fear conditioning syste...

Background: Due to the estrogen participation in modulating the proliferation and commitment of stem cells and the effects of miR-21 and miR-155 expression on reduced proliferation and colony formation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol on expression of miR-21 and miR-155 in the NB4 cell line, as an acute promyelocytic leukemia ...

Introduction: 17β-estradiol modulates nociception by binding to estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and GABAA receptors. Beside its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) nucleus is also involved in pain modulation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of the intracellular estrogen...

Local sequential conversion of estradiol to hydroxyestradiols and methoxyestradiols by CYP450 and catechol-O-methyltransferase, respectively, contributes to the antimitogenic effects of estradiol on glomerular mesangial cell growth via estrogen receptor-independent mechanisms. Catecholamines are also substrates for catechol-O-methyltransferase and therefore, might abrogate the renoprotective ef...