BACKGROUND The prevalence of migraine is 3-folds higher in females than in males, and it is intricately related to the levels of estrogen. Estrogen may regulate the expression of metabolic enzymes and receptors of serotonin and also calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which are implicated in migraine pathogenesis. PURPOSE To study the effects of estrogen on the components of serotonin sys...

A series of emerging data supports the existence and importance of plasma membrane localized estrogen receptors in a variety of cells that are targets for the steroid hormone action. When estradiol (E2) binds to the cell surface protein, the ensuing signal transduction event triggers downstream signaling cascades that contribute to important biological functions. Aside from the classical signal...

UNLABELLED The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated as one mediator of the cardiovascular effects of estrogen. Since changes in angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor expression are central to modulation of the RAS, we used the noninvasive PET imaging technique to study for the in vivo effects of estrogen on membrane and intracellular AT(1) receptors. METHODS Dynamic PET measuremen...

Our appreciation of the physiological functions of estrogens and the mechanisms through which estrogens bring about these functions has changed during the past decade. Just as transgenic mice were produced in which estrogen receptors had been inactivated and we thought that we were about to understand the role of estrogen receptors in physiology and pathology, it was found that there was not on...

Two major breast cancer sub-types are defined by the expression of estrogen receptors on tumour cells. Cancers with large numbers of receptors are termed estrogen receptor positive and those with few are estrogen receptor negative. Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotype data for a sample of early-onset breast cancer patients we developed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classif...

Molecular heterogeneity of estrogen receptors in cytosols from human breast carcinomas was demonstrated with regard to size and surface ionic charge. Following separation of the molecular forms of estrogen receptors into either the 8S or the 4S species by sedimentation on linear gradients of sucrose, diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography was used to fractionate the various com ponents in t...

s estrogen a sex hormone or a neurotransmitter? Estrogen has welldocumen-ted actions on several neurotransmitter systems, including serotonergic, adrenergic, and cholinergic pathways and receptors. However, recent advances from molecular neuroscience reveal that estrogen does not appear to act like a traditional neurotransmitter. Recall that chemical neurotransmission occurs in the synapses bet...

Gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system neoplasm. Astrocytomas are the most prevalent type of glioma and these tumors may be influenced by sex steroid hormones. A literature review for the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in astrocytomas was conducted in the PubMed database using the following MeSH terms: "estrogen receptor beta" OR "estrogen receptor a...

Molecular heterogeneity of estrogen receptors in cytosols from human breast carcinomas was demonstrated with regard to size and surface ionic charge. Following separation of the molecular forms of estrogen receptors into either the 8S or the 4S species by sedimentation on linear gradients of sucrose, diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography was used to fractionate the various com ponents in t...