An eternal $m$-secure set of a graph $G = (V,E)$ is aset $S_0subseteq V$ that can defend against any sequence ofsingle-vertex attacks by means of multiple-guard shifts along theedges of $G$. A suitable placement of the guards is called aneternal $m$-secure set. The eternal $m$-security number$sigma_m(G)$ is the minimum cardinality among all eternal$m$-secure sets in $G$. An edge $uvin E(G)$ is ...

we consider a dynamic domination problem for graphs in which an infinitesequence of attacks occur at vertices with guards and the guard at theattacked vertex is required to vacate the vertex by moving to a neighboringvertex with no guard. other guards are allowed to move at the same time, andbefore and after each attack and the resulting guard movements, the verticescontaining guards form a dom...

We consider the problem of securing a graph against a sequence of vertex attacks by placing guards on its vertices. The guards are “mobile” in that, after any attack, each guard can move to any neighbor of its current location, but one guard must move to the attacked vertex. We determine sharp upper bounds, in terms of the order of the graph, on the minimum number of guards necessary for connec...

We show that for every minimum eternal dominating set, D, of a graph G and every vertex v ∈ D, there is a sequence of attacks at the vertices of G which can be defended in such a way that an eternal dominating set not containing v is reached. The study of the stronger assertion that such a set can be reached after a single attack is defended leads to the study of graphs which are critical in th...

The eternal vertex cover problem is a variant of the classical defined in terms an infinite attacker–defender game played on graph. In each round game, defender reconfigures guards from one to another response move by attacker. minimum number required any winning strategy when this graph G , denoted evc ( ) . It known that given and integer k checking whether ≤ NP-hard. Further, it for mvc 2 wh...

In the eternal dominating set problem, guards form a dominating set on a graph and at each step, a vertex is attacked. After each attack, if the guards can “move” to form a dominating set that contains the attacked vertex, then the guards have successfully defended against the attack. We wish to determine the minimum number of guards required to successfully defend against any possible sequence...

The quest for the identification of fruitless branch has been an enduring theological battleground between Calvinists and Arminians who argue as to whether or not removal indicates loss eternal salvation. Using a qualitative approach, this study sought examine various interpretations on security believer with focus three phrases in passage namely; ἐν ἐμοὶ, (in me) airō (cut off) μείνατε ἐμοί (a...