Ethanol abuse is linked to several acute and chronic injuries that can lead to health problems. Ethanol addiction is one of the most severe diseases linked to the abuse of this drug. Symptoms of ethanol addiction include compulsive substance intake and withdrawal syndrome. Stress exposure has an important role in addictive behavior for many drugs of abuse (including ethanol), but the consequenc...

introduction: patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like gabapentin (gbp). apart from anti-epilectic action, gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. because both gbp and ethanol act on gaba ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effec...

background: cellulite is the accumulation of subcutaneous fat and connective tissue in tights and buttocks. xanthines, such as aminophylline, are used as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and are also adenosine receptor antagonists. objectives: the aim of the present study was to characterize in vitro aminophylline transdermal absorption through shed snake skin, and to investigate the absorption en...

background and aims: traditionally, plants have long been applied in the treatment of various diseases throughout the history of human life. the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts in the laboratory is studied on gram positive and negative strains of human infectious agents. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of mentha longifolia against important human pathog...

the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of aqueous fruit extract of ziziphusjujuba on ethanol-induced oxidative stress and to examine its protective effects on sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity of male wistar rats. adult male rats (n = 28) were divided into four equal groups: the first group served as untreated controls, the second group of rats was given...

background: the pathogenesis of ethanol in the liver and kidney is associated with an increase in free radicals and oxidative stress that leads to structural and functional abnormalities in these vital organs. methods: forty-eight male wistar rats were placed in eight groups and were treated as follows: control group (normal saline), group of ethanol (4 g/ kg), three doses of ardeh and honey co...

Objective: This study is planned to examine the possible beneficial effect of chronic administration of melatonin on ethanol drinking in rat models chronic voluntary ethanol consumption. Methods: Intermittent access 10% ethanol two-bottle-choice drinking paradigm was employed in 4 groups of rats where the rats had access to ethanol on alternate days in a week and a free access to water on all d...

Chronic ethanol consumption was previously shown to induce CYP2A5 in mice, and this induction of CYP2A5 by ethanol was CYP2E1 dependent. In this study, the mechanisms of CYP2E1-dependent ethanol induction of CYP2A5 were investigated. CYP2E1 was induced by chronic ethanol consumption to the same degree in wild-type (WT) mice and CYP2A5 knockout (Cyp2a5 (-/-)) mice, suggesting that unlike the CY...

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent inhibitor of ethanol consumption and relapse, and GDNF heterozygous knockout mice display increased reward sensitivity to ethanol and consume more ethanol after a period of abstinence than their wild-type littermates. Here, we tested whether ethanol alters GDNF expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA; GDNF's site of action) an...

ethanol is a clean and renewable energy source. the necessity of ethanol usage, instead of fossil fuels or mixed with them, in order to reduce environmental pollution resulted in increase of ethanol production from 50 million m-3  in 2007 to 85 million  m-3 in 2012. the present study aimed to compare the cost of bio-ethanol production from sugar beet with other agricultural crops, and also econ...