The widespread prohibition of most recreational narcotics fuels a difficult and long-standing debate that challenges the libertarian ideals of many Western states. The issue calls to question the extent of government involvement in the lives of its constituency, weighed against the very individual freedoms of these people. Though absolute ideals about freedom help to direct policy goals, implem...

The idea that everyone has a right to life does not mean that it is never permissible to kill. In theory, like any other right it can be overridden or outweighed by other rights and claims; and most of us accept, for instance, that it is forfeit by the armed soldier in battle. But it does mean that only such special and unusual circumstances can justify the act of homicide. In effect it is anot...

euthanasiais a serious problem in the end oflife cares. many peoples want the end of life, without the pain and suffering,and are not burdensome for their family members; besides these people, manydoctors try to prepare for them the comfortable and quiet death. many countriesare attempting to legitimize this practice and in many countries is now beingdone legally. of course, there are very seri...

Gain-of-function (GOF) research involves experimentation that aims or is expected to (and/or, perhaps, actually does) increase the transmissibility and/or virulence of pathogens. Such research, when conducted by responsible scientists, usually aims to improve understanding of disease causing agents, their interaction with human hosts, and/or their potential to cause pandemics. The ultimate obje...

While a growing body of research is uncovering the aetiology and effective treatments for allergy, research that assess the broader ethical implications of this disease is lacking significantly. This article will demonstrate both the paucity of academic research concerning ethical implications in allergy and explain why ethical analysis is integral to formulating effective health strategies for...

BACKGROUND In the field of health technology assessment (HTA), there are several approaches that can be used for ethical analysis. However, there is a scarcity of literature that critically evaluates and compares the strength and weaknesses of these approaches when they are applied in practice. In this paper, we analyse the applicability of some selected approaches for addressing ethical issues...

Ethical investments are a now a considerable sector in the investment market, with the Financial Times running the headline “Green and ethical investment comes of age” (Shepherd, [1]). Claudia Quiroz (lead fund manager for Cheviot Climate Assets Fund) predicts a strong future for ethical investment, with sustainable investment becoming a growing theme (Hoskin [2]). Much previous research in the...

The paper uses questionnaire responses provided by a sample of ethical investors to investigate willingness to sacrifice ethical considerations for financial reward. The paper examines the amount of financial reward necessary to cause an ethical investor to accept a switch from good ethical performance to poor ethical performance. Conjoint analysis is used to allow quantification of the utiliti...

Background: In the today's world, individual performance is affected by moral issues and human interaction, which should prevail in organizations. The role of ethical leadership in internalization of moral roles and impact on staff’s commitment and promotion of performance, is very important. The ethical leader can have a fundamental role in the training of positive emotions and responsibility ...