PRS3, RPB4 and ZWF1 were previously identified as key genes for yeast tolerance to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors. To better understand their contribution to yeast resistance to the multiple stresses occurring during lignocellulosic hydrolysate fermentations, we overexpressed these genes in two industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, CCUG53310 and PE-2, and evaluated their impact on the...

Enzymatic mild acidolysis lignins (EMAL) isolated from different species of softwood and Eucalyptus globulus were submitted to comparative analysis that included thioacidolysis, derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC), and DFRC followed by quantitative (31)P NMR (DFRC/(31)P NMR). While gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the monomer yields from both thioacidolysis and DFR...

High resolution measurements of stem diameter variation provide a means to study short-term dynamics of tree growth and water status. In this 14-month study, daily changes in stem radius of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings were measured with electronic point dendrometers in a plantation in southern Tasmania, Australia. The daily patterns of stem expansion and shrinkage were classified into...

Increases in photosynthetic capacity (A1500) after defoliation have been attributed to changes in leaf-level biochemistry, water, and/or nutrient status. The hypothesis that transient photosynthetic responses to partial defoliation are regulated by whole-plant (e.g. source-sink relationships or changes in hydraulic conductance) rather than leaf-level mechanisms is tested here. Temporal variatio...

The role of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in forest soil function and tree productivity has become an increasingly important topic for research in light of possible direct large-scale degradation of EM populations in the forests of Europe (Arnolds, 1991). Although there is a rapidly growing body of information being assembled from laboratory studies using pure culture syntheses, there is relativel...

genus Podisus, have been reported as natural enemies of many insect pests in North America (McPherson 1980). In Brazil, they have been registered in plantations of Eucalyptus (Zanuncio et al. 1994b), Pinus (Teixeira and Villa 1987), soybean and cotton (Grazia and Hildebrand 1987), coffee (Gravena and Lara 1982), cashew (Silva 1965), passion fruit (Costa Lima 1940), avocado (Fischer and Patel 19...

Enzymatic catalysis is an ecofriendly strategy for the production of high-value low-molecular-weight aromatic compounds from lignin. Although well-definable aromatic monomers have been obtained from synthetic lignin-model dimers, enzymatic-selective synthesis of platform monomers from natural lignin has not been accomplished. In this study, we successfully achieved highly specific synthesis of ...