bankruptcy in the same amount of time and history is very rampant and therefore the vision of the future can be prevented. using data envelopment analysis (dea) and malmquist index can precise evaluating of the performances of many different kinds of decision making units (dmu) such as hospitals, universities, business firms, etc. in this paper, we will modify directional distance formulation o...

A new interpoint distance-based measure is proposed to identify the optimal number of clusters present in a data set. Designed nonparametric approach, it independent distribution given data. Interpoint distances between members make our cluster validity index applicable univariate and multivariate measured on arbitrary scales, or having observations any dimensional space where study variables c...