backgrounds: thallium-201 is produced through 203tl (p, 3n) 201pb 201tl reaction by cyclotron. this radioisotope has known as one of the cyclotron radioisotopes which is used for myocardial perfusion in the coronary artery disease, tl-201 after chemical purification and quality control in the form of 201tl-chlorid is ready to send to the hospitals. materials and methods: in this work the effect...

With an increasing number of lipophilic drugs under development, homolipids and heterolipids have gained renewed interests as excipients for oral drug delivery systems. Oral administration has many advantages for chronic drug therapy. It is relatively safe, convenient for the patient and allows self administration. This article is not intended to review the broad area of lipid-based vehicle for...

Background 99mTc-mercaptoacetyl-triglycine (99mTc-MAG3) has been used for dynamic renal imaging since about 30 years. Free pertechnetate (99mTcO4), colloidal 99mTc ((99mTcO2)n), 99mTc-tartrate (precursor), precomplexes (99mTc-(MAG3)x) and lipophilic 99mTc-MAG2 are the main radiochemical impurities that may occur in the preparation. The total amount of these impurities has to be identified befor...

The quality of veterinary vaccines is monitored by physicochemical, microbiological and biological tests. Two of the most important physicochemical parameters are viscosity and density, which are determined in the three different types of matrices: emulsions, suspensions and solvents. Viscosity, known as internal friction or viscose medium, is a feature of fluids and plastic solids characterize...

Background & Aim: Hydroxycinnamic acids are one of the most important bioactive substances of Echinacea drugs. These compounds possess immuno-enhancing activity and thus, total hydroxycinnamic acids are mostly used as the main criterion for quality control of Echinacea purpurea and its drugs.  Hence, the quality control of Echinacea requires to develo...

A method of 11C-methionine synthesis using ‘bubbling’ method is presented. 11C-methionine was synthesized via 11C methylation from L-cysteine thiolactone (2 mg) in a 300 L solution of 2:1:1 (v/v) 1 M NaOH, ethanol, and water at ambient temperature (85°C, 5 min). The radiochemical purity of radiotracer was higher than 99% and enantiomeric purity (L-11C-methionine) was 91.6 ± 0.4%. The fi nal pr...