The effects of a third element, namely silver, copper, zinc, or antimony, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic tin-bismuth (Sn–Bi) solder were investigated. The investigation showed that, except for zinc, the addition of a trace amount of the third element improves the ductility of the Sn–Bi solder owing to the formation of a fine, homogeneous ternary eutectic microstruct...

The microstructures of eutectics between compounds were studied for systems MnO-MnS, NaCl-NaF, NaBr-NaF, LiF-NaF, and FeO-FeS. With the exception of FeS, all the compounds had the NaC1-type structure. In the systems having only NaC1-type structures, the lamellas of the two eutectic phases had matching crystal orientations. There was less consistency among the eutectic systems, however, than bet...

An exploratory study of the synthesis of vanadium (oxy)fluorides (VOFs) using ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic mixtures (DESs) as a solvent yielded 10 different materials. The previously reported chain type: (NH(4))(2)VF(5) (1), (NH(4))(2)VOF(4) (2), NH(4)VO(3) (3) and (H(2)NH(2)(CH(2))(2)NH(2))VF(5) (9) have been successfully produced for the first time using ILs as the reaction media. Th...

The separation of an enantiomer from a racemic mixture is of primary relevance to the pharmaceutical industry. The thermochemical properties of organic enantiopure and racemate crystals can be exploited to design an enantioselective crystallization process. The thermodynamic difference between the two crystal forms is accessible by two cycles which give the eutectic composition in solution. The...

Ž . An experimental arrangement is described which allows the deposition of thin gold films on Si 111 single-crystals and the in situ optical characterization at various temperatures, thicknesses, and angles of incidence of the light. The optical analysis is performed with the help of a highly sensitive spectroscopic ellipsometer operating in the wavelength range 400–900 nm. Additional structur...

Extending previous work [Pusztai et al., Phys. Rev. E 87, 032401 (2013)], we have studied the formation of eutectic dendrites in a model ternary system within the framework of the phase-field theory. We have mapped out the domain in which two-phase dendritic structures grow. With increasing pulling velocity, the following sequence of growth morphologies is observed: flat front lamellae → eutect...