3D mesostructured AgCl-KCl photonic crystals emerge from colloidal templating of eutectic solidification. Solvent removal of the KCl phase results in a mesostructured AgCl inverse opal. The 3D-template-induced confinement leads to the emergence of a complex microstructure. The 3D mesostructured eutectic photonic crystals have a large stop band ranging from the near-infrared to the visible tuned...

Ionic liquids are molten salts that have low melting points. This review concentrates upon eutectic mixtures of quaternary ammonium salts and metal salts (usually halides). These so-called eutectic based ionic liquids can be used for the electrodeposition and dissolution of a wide range of metals and alloys. The review highlights the technological challenges involved in the application of ionic...

The distinctive features of limited solubility in liquid eutectic and monotectic metallic systems have been discovered. The monodispersed emulsion model has been elaborated for a description of the specific microheterogeneous structure of eutectic melts. It includes the transitional shells (TS) at the interface boundaries having the eutectic composition and the closest packing of atoms. By mean...

The present paper addresses the long-standing composition puzzle of eutectic points by introducing a new structural tool for the description of short-range-order structural unit, the cluster-plus-glue-atom model. In this model, any structure is dissociated into a 1(st)-neighbor cluster and a few glue atoms between the clusters, expressed by a cluster formula [cluster]gluex. This model is applie...

The cationic functionalisation of cellulose is of considerable industrial importance and has found applications in the paper industry, cosmetics, textiles, in flotation and flocculation and in drilling fluids. In particular, it is used in the removal of acidic dyes from aqueous effluent produced by the textile industry, which significantly reduces the environmental impact of such processes. The...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that parent application of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) results in equal reduction of the pain of intravenous (IV) placement compared with clinician application of EMLA, and to assess potential difficulties with parental application. STUDY DESIGN A 2 x 2 randomized block design was used, with 41 children divided into two age groups (5-12 years vs 13-18...

We studied the effects of EMLA on tourniquet pain in 10 healthy male volunteers. The tourniquet inflation time which was tolerated was significantly longer with EMLA (46.4 (SEM 3.5) min) compared with placebo (37.5 (2.7) min) (P less than 0.05). Linear analogue pain scores increased in both groups over the study period, but were significantly less in the EMLA group at 40 min (P less than 0.05)....