background: among the most important parasitic disease, causing diarrhea, gi­ardia lamblia is noteworthy. nowadays detection methods for these parasites in­clude parasitological methods such as microscopic examination. the sensitivity of these methods relies on the expertise and experience of examiners. in contrast, molecular methods such as pcr are less dependent on the expertise of the exam­i...

responding to ruth mcdonald’s editorial on the rise of leadership and leadership development programmes in healthcare, this paper offers three arguments. firstly, care is needed in evaluating impact of leadership development, since achievement of organisational goals is not necessarily an appropriate measure of good leadership. secondly, the proliferation of styles of leadership might be unders...

a purpose of zagros forests preservation plan is to reduce degradation factors through empowering woodman beneficiaries and underdevelopment of rural forested areas which appear as scattered agronomies inside and in forest margins, trees cutting for power supply, trees cutting for hay supply or making coal in forested regions. therefore, natural resources experts believe that, by creation or im...

background: positive attitude leads to a more successfully implementation of a change. we investigated the effect of attitudes of stakeholders toward a program on their prioritization of the program components for selecting the key question of a theory-driven evaluation with concept mapping method. materials and methods: during a brainstorming session, stated statements defined the program comp...

nanoparticles of silver were treaeted as clinical trials in some broiler farms for its disinfecting characters in 4 broiler farms during growing period. the nanosilver were used orally and inhalatory in amount of 2 -4 ppm and 40 ppm respectively. some samples of breast muscle, femora muscle, heart, gizzard, liver, skin, spleen, lung, kidney and cloacal feces were collected randomly in slaughter...

around 80% of the population relies on agriculture, rice being the staple food. topography urges farmers to cultivate upland rice. the chinese interest in rubber latex has stimulated farmers to grow rubber, although the technical knowledge regarding tree management and latex processing is poor. a study was conducted in an area in luang prabang province to examine the suitability of upland rice ...

the research focused to evaluate physical, chemical, and sensory properties of raw, blanched, and 2, 4, and 6% osmotically salt treated mandarin (citrus reticulata) peel powder. the yields of mandarin peel powder (mpp) were found in the range of 29.1 to 30.4% (db) for different treatments, which were not significantly different. the bulk density and solubility were found in the range of 1,267-1...