Rainfall and evapotranspiration are the two most popular climatic factors which have crucial function on agricultural production. Rainfall can be directly measured easily in an area but evapotranspiration is estimated from weather data. In this study reference evapotranspiration ETo was estimated using Penman–Monteith equation. Monthly rainfall and evapotarnspiration were plotted and compared i...

The proposed method for calculation of potential evapotranspiration is Penman-Monteith FAO method, but there are other methods that require less meteorological data but estimates close to the FAO Penman-Monteith method in different climatic conditions.  Performance evaluation of these methods on the same basis is prerequisite for selecting an alternative approach in accordance with available da...

[1] We propose the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS), an upscaling approach to quantify global gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration using MODIS with a spatial resolution of 1–5 km and a temporal resolution of 8 days. This effort is novel because it is the first system that harmonizes and utilizes MODIS Atmosphere and Land products on the same projection and spatial resolution...

Shallow lake eutrophication has been an important issue of global water environment. Based on the simulation and field sampling experiments in Baiyangdian Lake, the largest shallow lake in North China, this study proposed a shallow lake remediation regime with Phragmites australis (reed) incorporating its opposite effects of nutrient removal and water evapotranspiration on water quality. The re...

The efficient operation of water resources is one of the major challenges in modern society. One of the main characteristics of the hydrological cycle corresponds to its temporal variability, expressed as fluctuations in the precipitation regime as well as modifications in the rates of evapotranspiration as a result of changes in atmospheric conditions. A better knowledge of the relationships b...

This study aimed at evaluating the response of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI (MODIS sensor, TERRA satellite) of soybean to interannual variability of rainfall and evapotranspiration in Campos Gerais, a region of the state of Parana in southern Brazil. Landsat TM 5 and 7 images were selected for analyzing the spatial soybean field distribution for the region from 2000/01 to 200...

A brief history of development of the 1985 Hargreaves equation and its comparison to evapotranspiration ~ET! predicted by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ~FAO! Penman-Monteith method are described to provide background and information helpful in selecting an appropriate reference ET equation under various data situations. Early efforts in irrigation water requiremen...

Evaporation is the conversion process of liquid water into vapor and consequent transport that atmosphere [...]