Theories of cognitive processes, such as decision making and creative problem solving, for a long time neglected the contributions of emotion or affect in favor of analysis based on use of deliberative rules to optimize performance. Since the 1990s, emotion has increasingly been incorporated into theories of these cognitive processes. Some theorists have in fact posited a “dual-systems approach...

Knowledge brokerage and knowledge mobilisation are generic terms used to describe activities that enable the use of research evidence inform policy, practice individual decision making. intermediary (KBI) initiatives facilitate such evidence. Drawing on examples from existing initiatives, this chapter is structured in five parts. Each part seeks address areas where KBIs could be more evidence-i...

BACKGROUND Enhancing the use of evidence in policymaking is critical to addressing the global burden of nutrition-related disease. Whilst the public health nutrition community has embraced evidence-informed policymaking, their approach of defining relevant evidence and evaluating policy has not brought about major shifts in policymaking. This article uses a public health nutrition case study to...

I’m sure that your P&T committee is grappling with a host of concerns related to the future affordability of health care. No doubt you’ve been briefed on pay-for-per formance, the Physician Quality Review Initiative (PQRI), and, of course, capitation. Perhaps you haven’t yet heard much about “evidence-informed case rates” (ECRs). I’d like to trace the recent history of ECRs, describe how they a...

A bst ract A computational model of emotion must explain both the rapid dynamics of some emotional reactions as well as the slower responses that follow deliberation. This is often addressed by positing multiple levels of appraisal processes such as fast pattern directed vs. slower deliberative appraisals. In our view, this confuses appraisal with inference. Rather, we argue for a single and au...

This article reviews a diverse set of proposals for dual processing in higher cognition within largely disconnected literatures in cognitive and social psychology. All these theories have in common the distinction between cognitive processes that are fast, automatic, and unconscious and those that are slow, deliberative, and conscious. A number of authors have recently suggested that there may ...

Best practices identified solely on the strength of research evidence may not be entirely relevant or practical for use in community-based public health and the practice of chronic disease prevention. Aiming to bridge the gap between best practices literature and local knowledge and expertise, the Ontario Public Health Association, through the Toward Evidence-Informed Practice initiative, devel...