The equid family contains only one single extant genus, Equus, including seven living species grouped into horses on the hand and zebras asses other. In contrast, equine fossil record shows that an extraordinarily richer diversity existed in past provides multiple examples of a highly dynamic evolution punctuated by several waves explosive radiations extinctions, cross-continental migrations, l...

Human language, over its evolutionary history, has emerged as one of the fundamental defining characteristic of the modern man. However, this milestone evolutionary process through natural selection has not left any ’linguistic fossils’ that may enable us to trace back the actual course of development of language and its establishment in human societies. Lacking analytical tools to fathom the cr...

This section presents a brief but comprehensive summary of the history of evolutionary computation, starting with the ground-breaking work of the 1950s, tracing the rise and development of the three primary forms of evolutionary algorithms (evolution strategies, evolutionary programming and genetic algorithms), and concluding with the present time, in which a more unified view of the field is e...