In sensorimotor adaptation tasks, feedback delays can cause significant reductions in the rate of learning. This constraint is puzzling given that many skilled behaviors have inherently long delays (e.g., hitting a golf ball). One difference in these task domains is that adaptation is primarily driven by error-based feedback, whereas skilled performance may also rely to a large extent on outcom...

although explicit and implicit knowledge of language learners are essential to theoretical and pedagogical debates in second language acquisition (sla), little research has addressed the effects of instructional interventions on the two knowledge types (r. ellis, 2005).this study examined the relative effectiveness of explicit and implicit types of form-focused instruction (ffi) on the acquisit...

A key component of task preparation may be to anticipate the consequences of task-appropriate actions. This task switching study examined whether such type of "intentional" preparatory control relies on the presentation of explicit action effects. Preparatory BOLD activation in a condition with task-specific motion effect feedback was compared to identical task conditions with accuracy feedback...

Congestion control with the positive use of explicit notification that indicates internal network conditions is a promising way to address the performance issues of congestion control in high-speed networks. We previously proposed SIRENS, a scalable, robust, and flexible fine-grained explicit notification framework where each router captures a snapshot of the various kinds of downstream link st...

This paper examines congestion control mechanisms for ABR (Available Bit Rate) traac in ATM networks. ABR service is deened in ATM standards to support applications which can share the excess network capacity dynamically by adjusting their data transmission rates based on the available resources in the network. ABR traac sources respond to feedback from the network. Feedback information can be ...

-Higher layer protocols in wireless networks need to dynamically adapt to observed network response. The common approach is that each session employs end-to-end monitoring to estimate quantities of interest, like delay, delay jitter and available bandwidth. A less conventional approach is to employ lower layer explicit feedback mechanisms in place or in aid of end-to-end efforts. Available band...

Usability is an important characteristic for information systems intended to support their users. In order to achieve usability, an iterative change of focus between design and formative evaluation during development is an often recommended approach. Our experience from industrial projects is, however, that communication problems and misinterpretations often occur during this change of focus. I...

Corrective feedback is crucial for students to improve their speaking skill. The as important the way of delivering it students. Lecturers need acknowledge students’ preferences on corrective feedback, so will be useful improvement. This study aims at investigating (1) amount that think most and its reason, (2) types reason. utilizes mixed method. Both close-ended open-ended questionnaire are u...

With the aim of more emphasis on pragmatics and its inclusion in EFL classrooms, this study attempted to investigate the effectiveness of obtrusive and unobtrusive focus on form instructions on learners’ pragmatic performance of criticizing in English. 54 Iranian learners, all at intermediate level, participated in this study, and they were divided into three groups: 19 participants receiving o...

We explored the effects on intrinsic motivation and ego-involved persistence of winning versus losing a competitively contingent reward and, for losers, the additional effects of receiving either positive performance feedback or performancecontingent rewards. Winners were more intrinsically motivated than losers. Losers given an explicit normative standard who received positive feedback for mee...