in a speech community, people utilize their communicative competence which they have acquired from their society as part of their distinctive sociolinguistic identity. they negotiate and share meanings, because they have commonsense knowledge about the world, and have universal practical reasoning. their commonsense knowledge is embodied in their language. thus, not only does social life depend...

The web ontology language OWL is still a very young language. Experience with the language will build an increasing pool of ontology design patterns and best practises. In this paper we introduce macros for OWL ontologies. Macros are able to formally specify and capture design patterns for the knowledge engineering task with OWL ontologies. Thus the user is enabled to conveniently reuse them. M...

Applications such as landscape planing, environmental monitoring, and flight and driving simulators have a high demand for realistic landscape models. Quantity, precision and the type of models ask for methods which automate the model generation by evaluation of remote sensing data. The presented modelling system AIDA tackles the demand for efficient representation and high realism by integrati...

Explicit knowledge is knowledge that the knower can make explicit by means of a verbal statement; implicit knowledge is knowledge that is not explicit. Chomskyan tacit knowledge of rules can be understood as requiring a particular structure in the content-involving explanations of transitions between internal representations. States of tacit knowledge are different from beliefs and states of ex...

Previous research shows that due to non-facilitative first language (L1) transfer, second (L2) speakers do not develop implicit knowledge of certain grammatical structures. Therefore, the present paper investigates whether L1-Sinhala–L2-English could acquire English object pronouns. To achieve this goal, compares data collected via an untimed grammaticality judgment task (untimed GJT) and oral ...

the current study is an attempt to investigate the impact of explicit instruction of metadiscourse markers on advanced, intermediate, and elementary efl learners’ writing performance. the participants of the study were 94 undergraduate students majoring in english literature at the university of isfahan. to elicit the relevant data, participants were given a pretest of writing ability to check ...