Oral and manual exploration are part of the foundation of problem solving and cognition in infancy. How these develop in an at-risk population, infants in poverty, is unknown. The current study tested exploratory behaviors longitudinally at 6, 9, and 12 months in infants from high- and low-socioeconomic (SES) families. Oral exploration consisted of passive and active mouthing and looks after ac...

This paper introduces a framework that allows a robot to form a single behavior–grounded object categorization after it uses multiple exploratory behaviors to interact with objects and multiple sensory modalities to detect the outcomes that each behavior produces. Our robot observed acoustic and visual outcomes from 6 different exploratory behaviors performed on 20 objects (containers and non-c...

Data mining techniques have been successfully employed on user interaction data in exploratory learning environments. In this paper we investigate using data mining techniques for analyzing student behaviors in an especiallycomplex exploratory environment, with over one hundred possible actions at any given point. Furthermore, the outcomes of these actions depend on their context. We propose a ...

Computer-based learning environments produce a wealth of data on student learning interactions. This paper presents an exploratory data mining methodology for assessing and comparing students’ learning behaviors from these interaction traces. In the first phase of this methodology, hidden Markov models (HMMs) are generated to model learning behaviors of the student groups being compared (e.g., ...

This paper demonstrates the generality of the hidden Markov model approach for exploratory sequence analysis by applying the methodology to study students’ learning behaviors in a new domain, i.e., an asynchronous, online environment that promotes an explicit inquiry cycle while permitting a great deal of learner control. Our analysis demonstrates that the high-performing students have more lin...

results seven concepts emerged after exploratory factor analysis of the 48 items. the content validity ratio (cvr) of the questionnaire constructs were 0.55 to 0.76, and content validity index (cvi) structure was 0.86 to 0.95. cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.78, and correlation coefficient of the test-retest reliability for the constructs was from 0.73 to 0.89. c...

Bisphenol A (BPA), a pervasive, endocrine disrupting compound (EDC), acts as a mixed agonist-antagonist with respect to estrogens and other steroid hormones. We hypothesized that sexually selected traits would be particularly sensitive to EDC. Consistent with this concept, developmental exposure of males from the polygynous deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, to BPA resulted in compromised spat...

Clinical reports suggest a positive association between fat consumption and the incidence of hyperactivity, impulsivity and cognitive abnormalities. To investigate possible mechanisms underlying these disturbances under short-term conditions, we examined in Sprague-Dawley rats the influence of 7-day consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to chow on anxiety, novelty-seeking and explorator...

As information becomes more ubiquitous and the demands that searchers have on search systems grow, there is a need to support search behaviors beyond simple lookup. Information seeking is the process or activity of attempting to obtain information in both human and technological contexts. Exploratory search describes an information-seeking problem context that is open-ended, persistent, and mul...

Aromatase in the mouse brain is expressed only in the nerve cells of specific brain regions with a transient peak during the neonatal period when sexual behaviors become organized. The aromatase-knockout (ArKO) mouse, generated to shed light on the physiological functions of estrogen in the brain, exhibited various abnormal behaviors, concomitant with undetectable estrogen and increased androge...