...................................................................................... ii Disclaimer.................................................................................... iii 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................ 1 2. Methodology.............................................................................. 2 2.1. Field Work..................

E volutionary theory states that some differences between individuals in a population are heritable, so that, when the environment changes, individuals bearing traits that provide the best adaptation to the new environment have the greatest chance for reproductive success. In a recent article in the American Mineralogist (1), Hazen et al. apply the term “evolution” to minerals in a similar mann...

The most volcanically active regions of our planet are concentrated along the axes of the globe, encircling midocean ridges. These undersea mountain ranges, and most of the oceanic crust, result from the complex interplay between magmatic (i.e., eruptions of lavas on the surface and intrusion of magma at depth) and tectonic (i.e., faulting, thrusting, and rifting of the solid portions of the ou...

During the last century, the Earth Sciences underwent two major revolutions in understanding. The first was the recognition of the great antiquity of the Earth and the second was the development of plate tectonic theory. These leaps in knowledge moved geology from its largely descriptive origins and established the modern, quantitative, Earth sciences. For any science, and particularly for the ...

Introduction Fantasy novels have existed for a long time, but came into prominence after J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings series. This series introduced many concepts into fantasy and created a genre sometimes known as “high fantasy.” Many novels are written in this mold every year, and in addition, people indulge in pretending they are a part of this kind of world through such role-playing g...

“This continuity disappears, however, if one considers individual parts of the [Central American] chain and examines separate groups of volcanoes within a restricted volcanic field. It then becomes apparent that the continuity of the province as a whole is the result of grouping excessively large segments of the chain.” A.R. McBirney: Compositional variations in Cenozoic calcalkaline suites of ...

All materials subject to this copyright and included in this volume may be photocopied for the noncommercial purpose of scientific or educational advancement. The geology and geochemistry of Cenozoic topaz rhyolites from the western United States.