The medical and social consequences and the wide effects of the African structural adjustment program (SAP), specifically for women and children, and examples of the impact in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Senegal, are discussed. Structural adjustment is defined and the history of its inception is provided. Significant economic and social welfare improvement occurred during the 1960s and 1970s, and c...

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to identify trends in movement processed goods prices international trade 2014-2020 and explain them context structural transformations occurring exports’ sector countries under study. Design/Methodology/Approach: research on export price was conducted based indices manufacture terms trade. Then, analysis changes structure exports by degree processing grou...

The negative socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are widely discussed. However, relatively less attention is paid to its impact on world commodity price formation including energy and food prices. aim this paper examine prices their interactions with Using World Bank data we look for evidence changes in caused by occurrence pandemic, which was assumed be a shock global economy ...

The global supply chain crisis caused by COVID-19 and the trend of “anti-globalization” continuously impact international trade. As one central processing centers primary products, China’s forest product enterprises import raw materials export manufactured which are vulnerable to worldwide crisis. This article reviews research on influence pandemic Sino–US trade war wooden products forestry tha...

Producer brands increasingly dominate the international wine market. Concurrently, generic advertising campaigns are launched in an attempt to promote wine origin and exports (e.g. Australia, Austria, Spain). We analyze U.S. price data and quality indicators for 24 wine growing regions within eleven countries using a hedonic modeling approach. We assess the value of producer brands vs. geograph...

A terms of trade index is generally defined as an economy’s index of export prices divided by an index of import prices. The implementation of this definition would not warrant a chapter in a textbook or in a Manual: it is more or less straightforward. However, many economists over the years have observed that an improvement in an economy’s terms of trade has effects that are very similar to an...

Forecasting of LME (London Metal Exchange) nickel prices remains an interesting topic but lacks consensus. This study aims to fill knowledge gaps by demonstrating the announcement effect export bans Indonesian government. article focuses on Indonesia because produces more than 60% global ore. We identified sequence two episodes in which ore appeared increase prices. The impact ban 2014 is somew...

The objective of this paper is to combine cross-commodity and spatial price transmission analysis study the dynamics global cereal feed market during COVID-19 pandemic. After reviewing nascent literature on impact agricultural markets, we discuss different channels prices. Then, provide stylized reactions three relevant wheat, barley, maize, a set simulated possible future shocks oil prices, st...

Many price indices are constructed using bilateral transaction prices. This paper shows how the time series behavior of cross-sectional moments can reveal useful information about pricing in transactions markets. Inference is formalized a microlevel determination model that allows for rigid at level individual buyer/seller as well asymmetries bargaining power. The used to estimate rigidities No...

The spread of COVID-19 has had a signifi cant impact on economic and social activities, with the agri-food sector being no exception. Since outbreak, numerous studies investigating its sectoral infl uence have been carried out, putting emphasis demand supply shocks changes in trade volumes. However, there not much research into implications pandemic for prices. To fi ll gap, this paper is an at...