In the present study, we characterised drug-resistance patterns, compared treatment outcome between extensively and nonextensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (non-XDR-TB) cases, and assessed risk factors for poor outcome in a high-prevalence country that screens all TB patients for first-line anti-TB drug resistance. We reviewed drug susceptibility test results among all pulmonary TB cases in ...

This study aims to evaluate the clinical value of PCR-fluorescent probes for detecting mutation gene associated with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). The molecular species identification 900 sputum specimens was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–fluorescent probe. mutations drug resistance genes rpoB, katG, inhA, embB, rpsL, rrs, and gyrA were detected. convention...

BACKGROUND Individualized treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis depends upon reliable and valid drug susceptibility testing (DST) for pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and second-line tuberculosis drugs. However, the reliability of these tests is uncertain, due to unresolved methodological issues. We estimated the association of DST resul...

BACKGROUND Information on treatment outcomes among hospitalized patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are scarce in China. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted this retrospective study to analyze the characteristics and treatment outcomes in MDR- and XDR-TB patients in the 309 Hospital in Beijing, China during 1996-...

Multidrug- (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) are commonly associated with Beijing strains. However, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which has among the highest incidence and mortality for MDR and XDR TB, data suggest that non-Beijing strains are driving the epidemic. We conducted a retrospective study to characterize the strain prevalence among drug-susceptible, MDR, an...

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are now major threats in areas of South Africa with a high prevalence of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The role of exogenous reinfection as a cause of MDR and XDR TB in these settings has not been determined. METHODS We reviewed data from patients with culture-positive TB who lat...

INTRODUCTION The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and, more recently, extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is widely considered a serious threat to global TB control. Over 400,000 new cases of MDR-TB occur each year and, although their rates are currently unknown, XDR-TB cases have been detected in every country where there is capacity to detect them (including Canada). ...