conclusions the population structure of the a. baumannii isolates in our hospitals was genetically diverse. a significant association between xdr pattern and presence of class 1 integron (p < 0.001) was found indicating that many antibiotic resistance determinants are involved in development of xdr strains. materials and methods during a three-year study, clinical isolates of a. baumannii were ...

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis In 2004/2005, workers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, became aware that some patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy in their pioneering integrated HIV/tuberculosis (TB) program were dying despite undetectable HIV viral loads. Their subsequent detailed epidemiological study with enhanced surveillance for TB drug resistance finally blew the lid...

Factors driving the increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, are not understood. A convenience sample of 309 drug-susceptible and 342 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB isolates, collected July 2008-July 2009, were characterized by spoligotyping, DNA fingerprinting, insertion site mapping, and targeted DNA sequencing. Analysis of molecular-based data sh...

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most antibiotic-resistant pathogens in clinical medicine, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains are commonly isolated from infected patients. Such XDR strains are already resistant to traditional selectable genetic markers, limiting the ability to conduct pathogenesis research by genetic disruption. Optimization of selectable markers is therefore cri...

Introduction: The prevalence of extensively drug resistance (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is rapidly progressing. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of XDR A. baumannii in Tripoli, Libya. Methods: AB isolates were identified and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using an automated system to determine the multidrug resistant organisms. XDR-AB was considered ...

Bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline, improved cure rates when added to a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment regimen in a previous placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial (TMC207-C208; NCT00449644). The current phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial (TMC207-C209; NCT00910871) reported here was conducted to confirm the safety and efficacy of bedaquiline.Newly diagnosed or previo...

The KZN strain family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly virulent strain endemic to the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa, which has recently experienced an outbreak of extensively-drug resistant tuberculosis. To investigate the causes and evolution of drug-resistance, we determined the DNA sequences of several clinical isolates--one drug-susceptible, one multi-drug resistant, and nin...

BACKGROUND Drug resistance rates are one of the most important aspects in the national tuberculosis (TB) control program, and drug-resistant TB, especially extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, is not well understood in Taiwan. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of drug resistance from 2000 through 2006 and to identify XDR TB isolates to elucidate the clinical charac...

We investigated the emergence and evolution of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in an HIV co-infected population at a South African gold mine with a well-functioning TB control program. Of 128 patients with drug-resistant TB diagnosed during January 2003-November 2005, a total of 77 had multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, 26 had pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB), and 5 had XDR TB. Genotyping...

Colombia, with a tuberculosis incidence of 33 cases per 100,000 population, is one of the countries that have reported extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (XDR-TB). We report the high-quality draft genome sequences of two Latin American-Mediterranean XDR-TB clinical isolates (TBR-152 and TBR-175), comprising 4,303,775 bp and 4,330,115 bp, respectively.