Vitreoretinal surgeries require accuracy and dexterity that is often beyond the capabilities of human surgeons. Untethered robotic devices that can achieve the desired precision have been proposed, and localization information is required for their control. Since the interior of the human eye is externally observable, vision can be used for their localization. In this paper we examine the effec...

Audition and vision both form spatial maps of the environment in the brain, and their congruency requires alignment and calibration. Because audition is referenced to the head and vision is referenced to movable eyes, the brain must accurately account for eye position to maintain alignment between the two modalities as well as perceptual space constancy. Changes in eye position are known to var...

For visual localization to remain accurate across changes of gaze, a signal representing the position of the eye in the orbita is needed to code spatial locations in a reference frame that is independent of retinal displacements. Here we report evidence that the localization of visual objects in space is coded in an extraretinal reference frame. In human subjects, we used outward saccadic adapt...

In darkness, observers partially paralyzed with curare make large (greater thn 20 degrees) gaze- and dosage-dependent errors in visually localizing eye-level-horizontal and median planes, in matching the location of a sound to a light, and in pointing at a light. In illuminated, structured visual localization and pointing are accurate but errors in auditory-to-visual matches remain. Defects in ...

This paper presents comparison of two image processing algorithms used for eye blink detection. The motivation of this research work is the need of disabled persons who are unable to move their body parts except eyes. The process of blink detection is divided into three parts viz.face localization, eye pair localization and template matching method. In method 1, YCbCr color model and morphologi...

We present a novel eye localization method which can be used in face recognition applications. It is based on two SVM classifiers which localize the eyes at different resolution levels exploiting the Haar wavelet representation of the images. We present an extensive analysis of its performance on images of very different public databases, showing very good results. Mathematics Subject Classific...

We present a method for precise eye localization that uses two Support Vector Machines trained on properly selected Haar wavelet coefficients. The evaluation of our technique on many standard databases exhibits very good performance. Furthermore, we study the strong correlation between the eye localization error and the face recognition rate.

Determining the precise moment a visual stimulus appears is difficult because visual response latencies vary. This temporal uncertainty could cause localization errors to brief visual targets presented before and during eye movements if the oculomotor system cannot determine the position of the eye at the time the stimulus appeared. We investigated the effect of varying neural processing time o...

Eye localization has gained a wide range of applications in face recognition, gaze estimation, pose estimation, expression analysis, etc. However, due to the high degree of appearance variability of eyes in size, shape, color, texture and various ambient environment changes, this task is challenging. During the last three decades, numerous techniques have been developed to meet these challenges...