Bunitrolol (BNT) (1, 2) and pindolol (PDL) (3) are i9-adrenergic blocking drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. We determined the antihypertensive effect of BNT in hypertensive rats using PDL as the reference drug. The previous reports indicated that PDL is effective in spontaneously hyper tensive rats (SHR) (4-6), but not effective in deoxycorticosterone and salt (DOC) hyper tensive r...

Ambivalence in the regulatory definition of capital adequacy for credit risk has recently steered the financial services industry to collateral loan obligations (CLOs) as an important balance sheet management tool. CLOs represent a specialised form of Asset-Backed Securitisation (ABS), with investors acquiring a structured claim on the interest proceeds generated from a portfolio of bank loans ...

Aspergillus fumigatus is capable of causing invasive aspergillosis or acute bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and the current situation is alarming. There are no vaccine or allergen shots available for Aspergillus-induced allergies. Thus, a novel approach in designing of an effective vaccine or allergen shot candidate against A. fumigatus is needed. Using immunoinformatics approaches from the cha...

We expanded a published mathematical model of an afferent arteriole smooth muscle cell in rat kidney (Edwards A, Layton, AT. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306: F34-F48, 2014) to understand how nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(-)) modulate the arteriolar diameter and its myogenic response. The present model includes the kinetics of NO and O(2)(-) formation, diffusion, and reaction. Also inclu...

Large uninsured risk, severe borrowing constraints, and rapid income growth can create excessively high household saving rates and large current account surpluses for emerging economies. Therefore, the massive foreign-reserve buildups by China are not necessarily the intended outcome of any government policies or an undervalued home currency, but instead a natural consequence of the country’s r...

Using a new dataset of currency option prices, we study the evolution of investor confidence in 1992-1998 over the chance of individual currencies to converge to the Euro. Convergence risk, which may reflect uncertainty over policy commitment as well as exogenous fundamentals, induces a level of implied volatility in excess of actual volatility (volatility wedge). We show formally that confiden...

It is well known that conflicts of interests between borrowers and creditors can raise the cost of external financing. In this paper we provide new evidence that borrower-creditor conflicts of interests also affect the sensitivity of debt financing to aggregate business conditions. In the presence of incomplete contracts, creditors cannot fully observe or verify diversion of free cash flow by b...

Governments in emerging markets often behave like a “tormented insurer,” who would like to smooth government outlays given the randomness of public revenues in an imperfect world where the only public debt instrument is a non-state-contingent bond denominated in units of tradable goods. How can a fiscal authority tell if the stock of public debt is consistent with fiscal solvency in this enviro...

We present a model of flight to quality episodes that emphasizes systemic risk and the Knightian uncertainty surrounding these episodes. Agents make risk management decisions with incomplete knowledge. They understand their own shocks, but are uncertain of how correlated their shocks are with systemwide shocks. Aversion to this uncertainty leads them to question whether their private risk manag...

We build a general equilibrium model of investment and capital accumulation in emerging economies. The infinite horizon model features a financial friction, namely that entrepreneurs can only raise debt that they can credibly repay given an outside option such as an investment in the traditional sector of the emerging economy. We show that when lending rates are low, the pure market outcome can...