conclusions the findings suggest that the development of preventive programs will contribute to increases in the child-mother closeness relationship and will help to prevent the onset of substance use in children. background considering the fundamental role that parents play in a family dynamic, it is important to explore the parent-child relationship and examine what protective behaviors or ri...

background : family functioning is considered to have a significant impact on the beginnings and maintenance of substance use. objectives the main purpose of this study was to examine and compare the dimensions of family functioning among addicted and non-addicted individuals. patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, the study sample consisted of 228 individuals, including 118 addict...

melamine is a new risk of urinary stones. gansu province is a heavily affected area and has large population and underdeveloped economy. we hypothesized that number of family members and family income may play significant roles in the formation of urinary stones. a case-control study was performed among 190 infants. results showed that the case group had less numbers of family members than the ...

family planning is programming about future of reproductive reproduction. the main aim of this research was to compare the efficacy of family planning education by individual education in residential place and by health system education. in this quazi-experimental study, 120 married women who did not use any contraceptive for purpose of family planning, don’t have intend to be pregnant, were ra...

according to sociologists, socialization is defined as coordination of an individual with social values, norms and insights. political socialization is one of the fundamental and important concepts in the social science, today. political socialization is a process through which an individual gets acquainted with his responsibilities, rights and political roles in the society. during this proces...

background: family physician plan is known as one of the most appropriate strategies to implement rural health insurance program in the form of referral system in iran. this study aims to determine the satisfaction of family physicians and service consumers and its causes of dissatisfaction in the south of iran. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was performed in kerman health ne...

abstract background: poor interaction of treatment personnel with patients’ families leads to informational contrast in families, which may ultimately increase the tension and pressure in these conditions. considering the necessity of caregivers’ contribution for an optimized treatment, continuation of care, and supporting patients, and with regard to caregivers’ important role, and also consid...

objectives: the objective behind this study was investigating the relationships between family functioning and psychological hardiness in parents of exceptional children versus parents of normal children. methods: the study was causal-comparative. population included all parents of normal and exceptional students in bojnurd city studying in ordinary and exceptional schools in the academic year ...

autism is a lifelong neurological disability of unknown etiology. the criteria for a diagnosis of autism are based on a triad of impairments in social interaction, communication and a lack of flexibility in thinking and behavior there are several factors which are likely to contribute to this variation including the definition of autism and variability in diagnosis amongst professionals, howeve...