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The current study investigated first language (L1) effects on listener judgment of comprehensibility and accentedness in second language (L2) speech. The participants were 45 university-level adult speakers of English from three L1 backgrounds (Chinese, Hindi, Farsi), performing a picture narrative task. Ten native English listeners used continuous sliding scales to evaluate the speakers’ audio...

OBJECTIVE Inventory Drug-Taking Situations (IDTS) is a universal instrument used to determine high-risk situations resulting in drug abuse. The aim of this study was to translate this questionnaire to Farsi, and to assess its validity and reliability by applying it to Iranian drug users. METHODS As a psychometric study, 300 drug users participated in a treatment program in National Center of ...

The Arabic-Urdu-Farsi family of languages is used by over 300 million people. Unlike letters of the Roman alphabet, each Arabic character can assume different shapes which leads to a more compact representation of linguistic information, but which also causes increased difficulties in printing. In previous work IHyder, 1971], a grammatical model was developed which determines the appropriate sh...